Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Inactivated Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccines Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin: An Observational Study

Meo, Sultan Ayoub; ElToukhy, Riham A.; Meo, Anusha Sultan; Klonoff, David C.

doi:10.3390/vaccines11040826

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We found that the primary series of COVID-19 vaccine administered before hospitalization was associated with non-COVID-19, in line with the results of many other studies [ 26 , 27 ]. Although further stratification analysis could not be performed due to the low number of SARI patients, our study showed that vaccinated SARI patients are less likely to be affected by COVID-19 than non-vaccinated SARI patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors associated with COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Serbia, 2022–2023: A test negative case-control study

Stosic,

Plavsa,

Jovanovic

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) are estimated to be the cause of death in about 19% of all children younger than 5 years globally. The outbreak of coronaviral disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, increased considerably the burden of SARI worldwide. We used data from a vaccine effectiveness study to identify the factors associated with SARS CoV-2 infection among hospitalized SARI patients. We recruited SARI patients at 3 hospitals in Serbia from 7 April 2022–1 May 2023. We collected demographic and clinical data from patients using a structured questionnaire, and all SARI patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. We conducted an unmatched test negative case-control study. SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI patients were considered cases, while SARS CoV-2 negative SARI patients were controls. We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis in order to identify variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We included 110 SARI patients: 74 were cases and 36 controls. We identified 5 factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity, age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.07), having received primary COVID-19 vaccine series (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.09–0.88), current smoking (OR = 8.64; 95% CI = 2.43–30.72), previous SARS CoV-2 infection (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.50–8.11) and number of days before seeking medical help (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.64–1.02). In Serbia during a period of Omicron circulation, we found that older age, unvaccinated, hospitalized SARI patients, previously infected with SARS CoV-2 virus and those who smoked, were more likely to be SARS-CoV-2-positive; these patient populations should be prioritized for COVID vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors associated with COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Serbia, 2022–2023: A test negative case-control study

Stosic,

Plavsa,

Jovanovic

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic prompted global efforts to develop vaccines, with Sinopharm emerging as a common choice in Pakistan. Meo and colleagues investigated Sinopharm's adverse effects, reporting common side effects aligning with general responses to various COVID-19 vaccines [ 2 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy With Bacillary Layer Detachment Following Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report

Mahar,

Monis,

Memon

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Various ocular manifestations associated with COVID-19 and vaccines, affecting both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye have been documented in the literature. In this report, we present the case of a 25-year-old male who complained of sudden-onset blurred vision and metamorphopsia in both eyes one day after receiving the second dose of the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. The visual loss was painless, with no reported flashes or floaters. The patient had no significant medical or surgical history, no history of trauma, and no drug intake. Upon ocular examination, the best-corrected visual acuity was 6/60 (Snellen chart) in both eyes. The anterior segments appeared unremarkable, while fundoscopy revealed multiple yellowish-white subretinal lesions at the posterior pole of both eyes. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) confirmed the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) with neurosensory detachment in each eye, along with bacillary layer detachment (BALAD). There were no signs of inflammation in the vitreous cavity. A diagnosis of acute posterior multifocal plaque pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) was established. The patient was prescribed nepafenac 0.1% drops to be instilled three times a day in both eyes and was advised to return for a follow-up examination in two weeks. At the follow-up visit, the patient's vision had improved to 6/9 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye, with most of the SRF absorbed. Unilateral APMPPE with BALAD has been mentioned in the literature following various COVID-19 vaccinations, but, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report where bilateral APMPPE with BALAD is reported. This case emphasizes the importance of a thorough eye examination for individuals experiencing ocular symptoms after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.

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“…Covaxin, Sinopharm and Sinovax vaccines were all inactivated whole virus vaccines [88]. This contrasts with the previous vaccines, which only contained a component of viral vaccines.…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccination In Trinidad and Tobagomentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This contrasts with the previous vaccines, which only contained a component of viral vaccines. The inactivated vaccines contained killed or inactivated copies of the virus, to introduce the immune system to a harmless version of the virus that cannot replicate and thus prompt a faster and more effective adaptive response [84,88]. The Sinopharm was the first of these inactivated viruses to be approved by the WHO and Trinidad and Tobago in May 2021, to meet the local demand for vaccines [89].…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccination In Trinidad and Tobagomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines, including Vaccination Issues in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review

Justiz-Vaillant,

Roopnarine,

Solomon

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Vaccination against the SARS-CoV2 virus has shown great promise in managing the spread and severity of Covid-19. While these vaccines were able to provide a favourable response in controlling the SARS-CoV2 infection, its use came with accompanying side effects. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of the different Covid-19 vaccine subtypes and discover the side effects associated with each vaccine elsewhere but specially in Trinidad and Tobago. For this systematic review, the keywords “Pfizer-BioNTech OR Moderna OR Oxford-AstraZeneca OR Janssen OR Sinopharm OR Novavax AND Covid-19 vaccine efficacy” and “Covid-19 vaccines AND Trinidad and Tobago” were researched under PubMed, MEDLINE and other internet sources through which other notable journals, and documents were discovered and searched similarly as outlined previously. In doing so, 65 relevant articles were included as part of this review. Of the studies examined, overall the vaccine with the greatest VE was found to be Pfizer-BioNTech (95%), followed by Moderna (94.1%), Novavax (89.7%), AstraZeneca (70.4%), Sinopharm (67%) and finally Janssen (66.9%). The use of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna was most efficacious in response to the different Covid-19 variants. Some side effects were common for all vaccine types however adverse effects were more commonly seen with vaccination by mRNA vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-Astrazeneca. Researchers targeted individuals aged 18 and above residing in various geographical areas of TT, specifically focusing on those who had not received the COVID-19 vaccine and expressed hesitancy towards it. Convenience sampling was used to select the study participants, and formal in-depth virtual interviews were conducted on a one-to-one basis, employing a semi-structured questionnaire to guide the discussions. The interviews were meticulously recorded and transcribed, following the principles of reflexive thematic analysis, to distill key insights from the participants' responses. The study's findings, derived from the perspectives of 25 participants, illuminated a complex tapestry of reasons underlying vaccine hesitancy in Trinidad and Tobago. Notably, prominent themes emerged, including fear, doubts regarding vaccine efficacy, a perceived inadequacy of information, a sense of susceptibility to the virus, deep-seated mistrust, alternative herbal remedies, and religious reservations. Interestingly, the motivations expressed by these vaccine-hesitant individuals for potentially receiving the vaccine in the future were rooted in notions of necessity, an increased sense of susceptibility to the virus, a desire to reach a certain health benchmark, and a need for assurance regarding the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. This comprehensive exploration of vaccine hesitancy in TT provides valuable insights for public health officials and policymakers in crafting targeted strategies to address this critical issue within the local context. Conclusion: The findings of this study determined that vaccination against the SARS-CoV2 virus provided beneficial outcomes against infection, Covid-19 related hospitalizations, ICU admissions and mortality. While vaccination was deemed highly appropriate in managing the spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus and enhancing the outcomes in infected persons, the effectiveness of the different vaccine platforms indicated that certain vaccine platforms are preferential to others in different populations. In terms of vaccine efficacy, nucleic acid vaccines such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna showed the greatest effectiveness while inactivated whole virus vaccines such as Sinopharm and viral vectors like Janssen had the least effectiveness. The side effects, joint/muscle soreness, pain at the injection site, shoulder pain, headaches, fever, chills, weakness, epistaxis, renal and certain cardiovascular events were common for all vaccine types. Adverse effects were more frequent and severe with the mRNA vaccines by Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-Astrazeneca than inactivated whole virus vaccines. The data collected in this research can be very useful to help individuals make a decision on which vaccine would be appropriate for them. More long-term studies are needed to better gauge the scope of side effects for each vaccine type.

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Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Inactivated Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccines Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin: An Observational Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Factors associated with COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Serbia, 2022–2023: A test negative case-control study

Factors associated with COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Serbia, 2022–2023: A test negative case-control study

Bilateral Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy With Bacillary Layer Detachment Following Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report

Effectiveness and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines, including Vaccination Issues in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review

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