Comparison of Biomass and Coal in the Recovery Process of silicon in an Electric Arc Furnace

Hasannezhad, Hossein; Meysami, Amirhossein

doi:10.1007/s11837-020-04533-6

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Electrical resistance decreases with increasing temperature due to thermal expansion in carbon materials. The higher the porosity, the more thermal expansion occurs [ [ 30 , 31 ]].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different carbon reductants on the production of ferrosilicon 75% on an industrial scale in an electric arc furnace

Etemadi

Koohestani

Tajally

2023

Heliyon

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“…Electrical resistance decreases with increasing temperature due to thermal expansion in carbon materials. The higher the porosity, the more thermal expansion occurs [ [ 30 , 31 ]].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different carbon reductants on the production of ferrosilicon 75% on an industrial scale in an electric arc furnace

Etemadi

Koohestani

Tajally

2023

Heliyon

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“…Hasannezhad et al [143] compared the usage of coal and wood charcoal to produce FeSi in an SAF with a power rating of 17 MVA in 2020. Figure 16 shows the average specific energy consumption and silicon yield of the trials using coal and charcoal.…”

Section: Smelting Processes Using Bio-based Carbon To Produce Silicon Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the increased furnace efficiency was explained by a higher specific electrical resistance of charcoal (~17,900-87,000 Ω•cm) compared to coal (~0-40,000 Ω•cm) in the investigated temperature range of 350-650 • C for resistivity measurements. This leads to a reaction cavity with a higher thermal concentration compared to the usage of coal and a colder top layer of the charge allowing silicon monoxide gas to condense [143].…”

Section: Smelting Processes Using Bio-based Carbon To Produce Silicon Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing Fossil Carbon in the Production of Ferroalloys with a Focus on Bio-Based Carbon: A Review

Sommerfeld

Friedrich

2021

Minerals

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The production of ferroalloys and alloys like ferronickel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon and silicon is commonly carried out in submerged arc furnaces. Submerged arc furnaces are also used to upgrade ilmenite by producing pig iron and a titania-rich slag. Metal containing resources are smelted in this furnace type using fossil carbon as a reducing agent, which is responsible for a large amount of direct CO2 emissions in those processes. Instead, renewable bio-based carbon could be a viable direct replacement of fossil carbon currently investigated by research institutions and companies to lower the CO2 footprint of produced alloys. A second option could be the usage of hydrogen. However, hydrogen has the disadvantages that current production facilities relying on solid reducing agents need to be adjusted. Furthermore, hydrogen reduction of ignoble metals like chromium, manganese and silicon is only possible at very low H2O/H2 partial pressure ratios. The present article is a comprehensive review of the research carried out regarding the utilization of bio-based carbon for the processing of the mentioned products. Starting with the potential impact of the ferroalloy industry on greenhouse gas emissions, followed by a general description of bio-based reducing agents and unit operations covered by this review, each following chapter presents current research carried out to produce each metal. Most studies focused on pre-reduction or solid-state reduction except the silicon industry, which instead had a strong focus on smelting up to an industrial-scale and the design of bio-based carbon for submerged arc furnace processes. Those results might be transferable to other submerged arc furnace processes as well and could help to accelerate research to produce other metals. Deviations between the amount of research and scale of tests for the same unit operation but different metal resources were identified and closer cooperation could be helpful to transfer knowledge from one area to another. Life cycle assessment to produce ferronickel and silicon already revealed the potential of bio-based reducing agents in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, but was not carried out for other metals until now.

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“…Secondly, in uence the electrical resistance and the operation conditions of SAFs. Charcoal is the most favorable carbonaceous material for silicon production but is too expensive 3 . Petroleum coke has the advantages of high xed carbon content and low ash content, but it is easy to graphitize and has good electrical conductivity, low reaction reactivity, and poor permeability 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbothermal Reduction of SiO2 Using Different Coal

Li,

Yang,

et al. 2023

Silicon

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In this study, the carbon thermal reduction of agglomerate composed of pure silica and carbon was studied at 1898 K, 1923 K, and 1948 K. The main product of this reaction is silicon carbide. Compare the reduction effects of four types of coal from different industrial silicon enterprises on the analysis of pure silica, and explore the application of different coal in silicon production. C4 coal has high SiO reactivity, while C1 coal has low SiO reactivity. An increase in temperature will reduce the reaction matching degree of coal and increase the amount of SiO gas escaping. C4 coal has a high and stable reaction matching degree, and the reaction rate is less affected by temperature, making it the best coal among the four types to produce SiC.

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Comparison of Biomass and Coal in the Recovery Process of silicon in an Electric Arc Furnace

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of different carbon reductants on the production of ferrosilicon 75% on an industrial scale in an electric arc furnace

The effect of different carbon reductants on the production of ferrosilicon 75% on an industrial scale in an electric arc furnace

Replacing Fossil Carbon in the Production of Ferroalloys with a Focus on Bio-Based Carbon: A Review

Carbothermal Reduction of SiO2 Using Different Coal

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