Comparison of block size distribution in rockfalls

Planas, Montserrat Ruiz; Dulcet, Jordi Corominas; Mavrouli, Olga

doi:10.1201/9781315375007-209

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…If this is the case, the varying SFD slopes could be indicative of the varying conditions under which the same process has acted to form chaos. By analogy to previous work on icebergs and rockfalls (e.g., Åström et al, 2021;Ruiz-Carulla et al, 2018) the correlation between the slope of the block size distribution and the morphology may be indicative of the amount of energy partitioned into fracturing the terrain when the chaos feature formed. For example, knobbier chaos regions tend to contain a larger fractional area of smaller blocks compared to the platy chaos terrains; as the ratio of small blocks to large blocks increases, more block-bounding fractures are required to break up the blocks, increasing the energy required to form the unit.…”

Section: Slope and Morphological Rank (Correlation)mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…There are several parameters that can affect fragmentation in rockfalls including the presence of discontinuities, impact angle, impact energy (height), and rigidity of the ground. By measuring the size distribution and some of the variables that affect fragmentation, Ruiz-Carulla et al (2018) find that the rockfall block size distributions are strongly correlated to the height of the fall. Likewise, iceberg field SFDs are predicted to relate to the fragmentation process, (i.e., the fracturing process that separated the chunk of ice from the glacier) (Åström et al, 2021) and attempts have been made to apply this concept to Europan chaos (Walker & Schmidt, 2014).…”

Section: Geologic Setting and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Size‐frequency distributions are most well known in planetary science application for investigating craters on a planetary surface for use in absolute and relative dating (e.g., Crater Analysis Techniques Working Group, 1979 ; Zahnle et al., 2003 ). More broadly, SFDs can be found in a wide range of applications including characterization of terrestrial rockfalls (Ruiz‐Carulla et al., 2018 ), fragmented ice (Toyota et al., 2011 ), and Mars landing site rocks (Golombek et al., 2003 ; Golombek and Rapp, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Finding Order in Chaos: Quantitative Predictors of Chaos Terrain Morphology on Europa

Leonard

Howell

Mills

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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The mechanisms for chaos terrain formation on Europa have long been a source of debate in the scientific community. There exist numerous theoretical and numerical models for chaos formation, but to date there has been a lack of quantifiable observations that can be used to constrain models and permit comparison to the outputs of these chaos models. Here, we use mapping and statistical analysis to develop a quantitative description of chaos terrain and their observed morphologies. For nine chaos features, we map every block, or region of pre‐existing terrain within disrupted matrix. We demonstrate that chaos terrains follow a continuous spectrum of morphologies between two endmembers, platy and knobby. We find that any given chaos terrain's morphology can be quantified by means of the linearized exponential slope of its cumulative block area distribution. This quantitative metric provides a new diagnostic parameter in future studies of chaos terrain formation and comparison.

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Section: Slope and Morphological Rank (Correlation)mentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Geologic Setting and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Finding Order in Chaos: Quantitative Predictors of Chaos Terrain Morphology on Europa

Leonard

Howell

Mills

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Ref. [14] proposed a terminology to describe the fragmentation processes occurring during a rockfall. The fragmentation of a rock compartment results from the disaggregation that occurs during the failure process (Figure 2) and the breakage (dynamic fragmentation) that occurs during the impacts of the rock fragments between each other or on the substrate.…”

Section: Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions and Concepts for Quantitative Rockfall Hazard and Risk Analysis

et al. 2021

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There is an increasing need for quantitative rockfall hazard and risk assessment that requires a precise definition of the terms and concepts used for this particular type of landslide. This paper suggests using terms that appear to be the most logic and explicit as possible and describes methods to derive some of the main hazards and risk descriptors. The terms and concepts presented concern the rockfall process (failure, propagation, fragmentation, modelling) and the hazard and risk descriptors, distinguishing the cases of localized and diffuse hazards. For a localized hazard, the failure probability of the considered rock compartment in a given period of time has to be assessed, and the probability for a given element at risk to be impacted with a given energy must be derived combining the failure probability, the reach probability, and the exposure of the element. For a diffuse hazard that is characterized by a failure frequency, the number of rockfalls reaching the element at risk per unit of time and with a given energy (passage frequency) can be derived. This frequency is relevant for risk assessment when the element at risk can be damaged several times. If it is not replaced, the probability that it is impacted by at least one rockfall is more relevant.

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“…The final distribution of the fragments is called the rockfall block size distribution (RBSD). [14] proposed a terminology to describe the fragmentation processes occurring during a rockfall: The fragmentation of a rock compartment results from the disaggregation that occurs during the failure process ( Figure 1) and the breakage (dynamic fragmentation) that occurs during the impacts of the rock fragments between each other or on the substrate. The fragmentation of a potentially unstable rock compartment should be considered in the hazard analysis [15].…”

Section: Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions and Concepts for Quantitative Rockfall Hazard and Risk Analysis

Hantz¹,

Corominas²,

Crosta³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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There is an increasing need for quantitative rockfall hazard and risk assessment that requires a precise definition of the terms and concepts used for this particular type of landslide. This paper suggests to use terms that appear to be the more logic and explicit as possible, and describes methods to derive some of the main hazard and risk descriptors. The terms and concepts presented concern the rockfall process (failure, propagation, fragmentation, modelling) and the hazard and risk descriptors, distinguishing the cases of localized hazards and diffused hazards. For a localized hazard, the failure probability of the considered rock compartment in a given period of time has to be assessed and the probability for a given element at risk to be impacted with a given energy must be derived combining the failure probability, the propagation probability and the exposure of the element. For a diffuse hazard that is characterized by a failure frequency, the number of rockfalls reaching the element at risk per unit of time and with a given energy (reach frequency) can be derived. However, when the element at risk is not replaced or repaired, the probability that it is impacted by at least one rockfall must be considered.

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Comparison of block size distribution in rockfalls

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Finding Order in Chaos: Quantitative Predictors of Chaos Terrain Morphology on Europa

Finding Order in Chaos: Quantitative Predictors of Chaos Terrain Morphology on Europa

Definitions and Concepts for Quantitative Rockfall Hazard and Risk Analysis

Definitions and Concepts for Quantitative Rockfall Hazard and Risk Analysis

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