Comparison of blood flow to the cutaneous temperature and redness after topical application of benzyl nicotinate

Jacobi, U.; Kaiser, Marco; Koscielny, Jürgen; Schütz, Rijk; Meinke, Martina C.; Sterry, Wolfram; Lademann, Jürgen

doi:10.1117/1.2166370

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…(20), complete scanning of an area of 5 × 5 cm with a resolution of 256 × 256 pixels by LDI takes 4–5 min, and complete scanning of the same area at the same resolution by LSPI takes approximately 1 s. This faster scanning speed of LSPI has obvious benefits in the scanning of PWS lesions, as it is difficult for patients, especially infants and children, to keep still for several minutes. Because many factors, such as posture (21), environmental temperature (22), physical activity (23), skin site (24), etc., can affect cutaneous blood flow, controlling well the measurement conditions is very important for objective and correct evaluation of the measurement of LSPI. In this study, all patients were scanned in a temperature‐controlled room, the contralateral healthy skin at the corresponding site as the PWS lesion was used as a control, and all scanned patients were asked to remain quiet, and without movement during scanning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Microcirculation Changes in Port Wine Stains During Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy by Laser Speckle Imaging

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2012

Photochem & Photobiology

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This study was conducted to test laser speckle perfusion imaging (LSPI) for imaging microcirculation and monitoring microcirculatory changes of port wine stains (PWS) during vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT). Before and 5 min after V-PDT, PWS lesions and the corresponding contralateral healthy skins of 24 PWS patients were scanned, whereas seven PWS patients were scanned throughout V-PDT. V-PDT was conducted immediately after intravenous injection of photocarcinorin (4-5 mg kg(-1)). A 532 nm laser was used for irradiation (power density: 80-100 mW cm(-2), exposure time: 20-50 min). Before V-PDT, all 24 PWS patients demonstrated a significant difference in perfusion between the PWS lesion and the contralateral healthy control skin (1132 ± 724 and 619 ± 478 PU, respectively, P < 0.01). Five minutes after V-PDT, the mean perfusion value of the 24 PWS lesions was 1246 ± 754 PU. There was no significant difference compared to the perfusion before V-PDT (P > 0.05). During V-PDT, the perfusion of seven PWS patients increased rapidly after initiation of V-PDT, reached a maximum within 10 min, lasted for several minutes, and slowly returned to a relatively lower level at the end of V-PDT. On the basis of these results, LSPI is capable of imaging PWS microvasculature and monitoring microvascular reactivity to V-PDT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Microcirculation Changes in Port Wine Stains During Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy by Laser Speckle Imaging

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2012

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…For example, varying levels of exercise intensity result in different skin-to-muscle perfusion ratios, with increasing blood flow shunted away from skin to working muscle groups with greater levels of exercise (23). Furthermore, factors such as hydration status (29), training status (30), level of acclimatization (10), and the administration of topically applied medications, such as corticosteroids and nicotinates (21), have been demonstrated to alter skin blood flow during exercise. The use of mean skin temperature as an estimate of the thermal status of the skin is itself also subject to potential error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-compartment thermometry model for the improved estimation of changes in body heat content

Jay¹,

Gariépy²,

Reardon³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Jay, O, Gariépy LM, Reardon FD, Webb P, Ducharme MB, Ramsay T, Kenny GP. A three-compartment thermometry model for the improved estimation of changes in body heat content. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292: R167-R175, 2007. First published August 24, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00338.2006.-The aim of this study was to use whole body calorimetry to directly measure the change in body heat content (⌬Hb) during steady-state exercise and compare these values with those estimated using thermometry. The thermometry models tested were the traditional twocompartment model of "core" and "shell" temperatures, and a threecompartment model of "core," "muscle," and "shell" temperatures; with individual compartments within each model weighted for their relative influence upon ⌬Hb by coefficients subject to a nonnegative and a sum-to-one constraint. Fifty-two participants performed 90 min of moderate-intensity exercise (40% of V O2 peak) on a cycle ergometer in the Snellen air calorimeter, at regulated air temperatures of 24°C or 30°C and a relative humidity of either 30% or 60%. The "core" compartment was represented by temperatures measured in the esophagus (Tes), rectum (Tre), and aural canal (Tau), while the "muscle" compartment was represented by regional muscle temperature measured in the vastus lateralis (Tvl), triceps brachii (Ttb), and upper trapezius (Tut). The "shell" compartment was represented by the weighted mean of 12 skin temperatures (T sk). The whole body calorimetry data were used to derive optimally fitting two-and three-compartment thermometry models. The traditional two-compartment model was found to be statistically biased, systematically underestimating ⌬Hb by 15.5% (SD 31.3) at 24°C and by 35.5% (SD 21.9) at 30°C. The three-compartment model showed no such bias, yielding a more precise estimate of ⌬Hb as evidenced by a mean estimation error of 1.1% (SD 29.5) at 24°C and 5.4% (SD 30.0) at 30°C with an adjusted R 2 of 0.48 and 0.51, respectively. It is concluded that a major source of error in the estimation of ⌬Hb using the traditional two-compartment thermometry model is the lack of an expression independently representing the heat storage in muscle during exercise. body heat storage; calorimetry; muscle temperature; thermoregulation THE DERIVATION OF THE CHANGE in body heat content (⌬H b ) is of fundamental importance to the physiologist assessing the exposure of the human body to environmental conditions that result in thermal imbalance. In theory, the measurement of body heat exchange using simultaneous measures of direct and indirect calorimetry is the only method whereby ⌬H b can be directly determined. Thus the difference between metabolic heat production using the stoichiometric relationship of the products and reactants of oxidative metabolism (indirect calorimetry) and the total heat lost from the body can be used to estimate ⌬H b . By definition, ⌬H b is the product of the change of the mean temperature of the tissues of the body (⌬T b ), the total body mass (b m ), and the average sp...

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“…Three parameters are commonly derived from P( f d ) to evaluate the status of choroidal blood flow 19,20 ChBVolume…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis 31 Ray Trace Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal laser Doppler flowmeter with enhanced sensitivity based on a scattering plate

et al. 2011

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Comparison of blood flow to the cutaneous temperature and redness after topical application of benzyl nicotinate

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Monitoring Microcirculation Changes in Port Wine Stains During Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy by Laser Speckle Imaging

Monitoring Microcirculation Changes in Port Wine Stains During Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy by Laser Speckle Imaging

A three-compartment thermometry model for the improved estimation of changes in body heat content

Choroidal laser Doppler flowmeter with enhanced sensitivity based on a scattering plate

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