Comparison of boreal acid sulfate soil microbial communities in oxidative and reductive environments

Abstract

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Biodegraded peat and ultrafine calcium carbonate result in retained metals and higher microbial diversities in boreal acid sulfate soil

“…A portion (36.7%) of obtained reads were discarded due to not meeting set quality criteria (Table S1) giving a total of 585 OTUs that were retrieved from all samples. Similar to our previous studies on boreal ASS (Högfors-Rönnholm et al, 2018a;Christel et al, 2019). Bacteria dominated the microbial populations, and the populations with > 1% relative abundance were assigned to eight phyla.…”

Gallionella and Sulfuricella populations are dominant during the transition of boreal potential to actual acid sulfate soils

“…In general, the populations identified as dominating the three soil zones are present in PASS and actual ASS boreal environments suggesting the data can be extrapolated to Finnish and Swedish soils. For instance, the oxidized zone Terracidiphilus from the Acetobacteraceae, Ox_UBA7541 from the Acidobacteriae, and Ox_Nitrososphaerales have been identified in Swedish 60 and Finnish 61 ASS. The key transition zone genus Gallionella are detected in several other boreal ASS environments in Sweden 60 and Finland 13,24,28 along with Australian coastal ASS drains 17 while Sulfuricella are present in Finnish ASS 26 .…”

“…For instance, the oxidized zone Terracidiphilus from the Acetobacteraceae, Ox_UBA7541 from the Acidobacteriae, and Ox_Nitrososphaerales have been identified in Swedish 60 and Finnish 61 ASS. The key transition zone genus Gallionella are detected in several other boreal ASS environments in Sweden 60 and Finland 13,24,28 along with Australian coastal ASS drains 17 while Sulfuricella are present in Finnish ASS 26 . In addition, Rhodanobacter are present in dredged river sediment containing sulfidic materials deposited on land nearby the Risöfladan field 28 along with bioremediation experiments treating the Risöfladan ASS 24,61 .…”

“…In addition, Rhodanobacter are present in dredged river sediment containing sulfidic materials deposited on land nearby the Risöfladan field 28 along with bioremediation experiments treating the Risöfladan ASS 24,61 . While fewer studies have been carried out on Scandinavian unoxidized PASS, the Desulfobacteria class has been identified in Swedish ASS environments 60 . Finally, despite the distance and contrasting conditions, the unoxidized zone selected for a similar microbial as an Australian coastal ASS where 16S rRNA gene sequences were identified aligning with sulfate reducing Desulfobacterales, methanogenic Halobacteria, metal reducing Phycisphaerae, organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoidetes, and strictly anaerobic Anaerolineae 16 .…”

Regional variation in Swedish acid sulfate soil microbial communities is influenced by temperature and geochemistry

“…These included the uncultured Halanaerobiales spp. previously identified in acidic waters in Svalbard; an Acidimicrobiales species previously identified from low pH and cold temperature (≥9°C) waters; the Nitrospiraceae that encompass the acidophilic Leptospirillum ; the Acetobacteraceae that includes the acidophilic Acidiphilium plus the moderately acidophilic, low temperature Acidisoma ; and the typically acid‐tolerant iron oxidizing Gallionellaceae (Christel et al, 2019). Furthermore, sequencing community DNA and RNA extracted from the Risöfladan field oxidation front where PASS is being converted to an active AS soil identified the dominant assembled genomes with high RNA transcript‐based activities to be most similar to Gallionella and Sulfuricella populations (Högfors‐Rönnholm et al, 2022).…”