Comparison of Bovine- and Porcine-Derived Decellularized Biomaterials: Promising Platforms for Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

Animal-derived xenogeneic biomaterials utilized in different surgeries are promising for various applications in tissue engineering. However, tissue decellularization is necessary to attain a bioactive extracellular matrix (ECM) that can be safely transplanted. The main objective of the present study is to assess the structural integrity, biocompatibility, and potential use of various acellular biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Hence, a bovine pericardium (BP), porcine pericardium (PP), and porcine tunica vaginalis (PTV) were decellularized using a Trypsin, Triton X (TX), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (Trypsin + TX + SDS) protocol. The results reveal effective elimination of the cellular antigens with preservation of the ECM integrity confirmed via staining and electron microscopy. The elasticity of the decellularized PP (DPP) was markedly (p < 0.0001) increased. The tensile strength of DBP, and DPP was not affected after decellularization. All decellularized tissues were biocompatible with persistent growth of the adipose stem cells over 30 days. The staining confirmed cell adherence either to the peripheries of the materials or within their matrices. Moreover, the in vivo investigation confirmed the biocompatibility and degradability of the decellularized scaffolds. Conclusively, Trypsin + TX + SDS is a successful new protocol for tissue decellularization. Moreover, decellularized pericardia and tunica vaginalis are promising scaffolds for the engineering of different tissues with higher potential for the use of DPP in cardiovascular applications and DBP and DPTV in the reconstruction of higher-stress-bearing abdominal walls.

Nerve regeneration using decellularized tissues: challenges and opportunities

“…Decellularization uses Triton X-100 as a non-ionic detergent ( El-Husseiny et al, 2023 ). When decellularizing thin tissues, zwitterionic or bipolar detergents—which have both ionic and nonionic properties—are frequently employed.…”

“…Protein-protein bindings cannot be broken by non-ionic detergents, however lipid-lipid and lipid-protein bonds can be (Alizadeh et al, 2022). Decellularization uses Triton X-100 as a non-ionic detergent (El-Husseiny et al, 2023). When decellularizing thin tissues, zwitterionic or bipolar detergents-which have both ionic and nonionic properties-are frequently employed.…”

From Nature to Technology: Exploring the Potential of Plant-Based Materials and Modified Plants in Biomimetics, Bionics, and Green Innovations

“…Tissue decellularization emerges as a pivotal and effective strategy for creating biomimetic ECM scaffolds, aiming to closely replicate the ECM's function and architecture to optimize cell response and tissue regeneration. Decellularized porcine hearts have been used as acellular matrices for inhabiting cells useful to engineer parts or whole organs [101,102]. Organ-on-a-chip systems have been developed to mimic tissue-and organ-level functions on chips in vitro [103].…”

Clinical and Macroscopical Evaluation the Effects of Acellular Tunica vaginalis and Acellular Dermal Matrix on Reconstruction of Abdominal Wall Hernia in Bucks

“…These factors allow for an appropriate cell seeding density within the scaffold, adequate porosity with interconnected pores is required to support cell proliferation and differentiation by facilitating the movement of nutrients and oxygen into and out of the scaffold (Goddard and Hotchkiss, 2007;Asodiya et al 2020). They indicated that the ideal size of acellular dermal matrix pores is generally between 100 and 200μm and the pores with a diameter of 166.9μm showed the highest number of adherent and proliferating cells while, the size of bovine tunica vaginalis pores is (200) μm, which make the processed bovine tunica vaginalis appeared to be more able to support the inflammatory reaction and then healing process (El-Husseiny et al, 2023). The differences in pores size of each scaffold may explained the differences in the outcomes between them.…”