Comparison of Bragg and Polarimetric Optical Fiber Sensors for Stress Monitoring in Composite Materials

Domański, Andrzej W.; Lesiak, Piotr; Mileńko, Karolina; Budaszewski, Daniel; Chychłowski, Miłosz; Ertman, Sławomir; Tefelska, M.; Woliński, Tomasz R.; Jędrzejewski, Kazimierz; Lewandowski, L.; Jasiewicz, Wieslaw; Helsztynski, Jerzy; Boczkowska, Anna

doi:10.12693/aphyspola.116.294

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As it was shown in our previous papers [18,19], the sign of the bend-induced phase change reveals different stress mechanisms induced in the composite material. It appeared that position of the sensing fiber (below, in the middle, or above the center of the sample) plays a predominant role in the stress-induced effects.…”

Section: Measurement Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Polarimetric and Bragg Optical Fiber Sensors for Stress Distribution and Temperature Measurements in Composite Materials

et al. 2011

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Composite structures are made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and they remain separate and distinct in a macroscopic level within the finished structure. This feature allows us for introducing an optical fiber sensors matrix into the composite material. These sensors can demonstrate stress distribution inside a tested material influenced by external tensions. Two types of the optical fiber sensors, placed into one fiber simultaneously, are used as s matrix structure. One of them is based on application of the Bragg grating structure written inside the core of the fiber. Longitudinal stress modifies changes parameters of the Bragg grating and in the same, spectral characteristics of the light transmitted through the fiber. The second one is based on application of highly birefringent fibers which under external stress introduce polarization changes in the output light. These sensors placed into one fiber give a possibility to the measure two external tensions separately.

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Section: Measurement Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Polarimetric and Bragg Optical Fiber Sensors for Stress Distribution and Temperature Measurements in Composite Materials

et al. 2011

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“…It can be noticed that the band_3 is a superposition of two neighboring attenuation bands. This effect can occur if the period of the LPFG is sufficiently short [17,18]. When a bare LPFG is mainly surrounded by the 5CB, a significant reduction in the depth of attenuation bands is observed and is compared in Table I.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Electrically Tunable Long-Period Fiber Grating Using a Liquid Crystal Cladding Layer

Czapla

Woliński

Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki

et al. 2010

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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The main aim of the presented work is the integration of a long-period fiber grating and a liquid crystal into a hybrid structure, in order to develop an innovative fiber optic device controlled by an external electric field. The studied long-period fiber grating was fabricated using UV irradiation in a boron co-doped fiber (PS1250/ 1500, manufactured by Fibercore). As a liquid crystal we used a typical 5CB nematic liquid crystal. The sensing mechanism of the proposed loss filter relies on long-period fiber grating attenuation bands sensitivity to optical properties of the liquid crystal layer. The results obtained show that the long-period fiber grating with a nanosized liquid crystal layer exhibits one order of magnitude higher electrical sensitivity and a lower level of the voltage control than the long-period fiber grating with a micro-sized liquid crystal layer.PACS IntroductionIn order to achieve light coupling between two co--propagating modes, a grating formed in an optical fiber usually requires a pitch of several hundred micrometers. This type of grating is called a long-period fiber grating (LPFG). Compared to other optical devices, LPFGs have a number of unique advantages such as low-level back reflection, low insertion losses and compact construction (the grating is an intrinsic fiber device). The LPFGs have found a variety of applications in optical communications [1,2]. Tuning of the LPFGs is very attractive since it can offer a form of dynamic spectral control [3,4]. The central attenuation wavelength of the LPFGs is highly sensitive to temperature, strain, bend or surrounding refractive index (SRI) changes. For these reasons filters based on the LPFGs have generated a significant interest for applications in the sensing field as well.Liquid crystals (LCs) are attractive candidates as a coating material since their properties can be controlled through temperature, optical, electrical and magnetic fields [5][6][7]. There are three key points for a good design in order to combine a LPFG and a LC into one component: selection of the LC refractive indices, inherent SRI sensitivity of the LPFG and the LC layer thickness. Majority of LCs have refractive indices that are higher than the refractive index of the silica glass. Thus, the LPFG sensitive to SRI is limited to the range where SRI is higher than the refractive index of the fiber cladding. In this case, the core modes couple to leaky modes [8] and the dependence on the resonance wavelength on the SRI is not so straightforward. So far, most of the studies have focused on the analysis of the SRI sensitivity when the

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“…Measurements made for the side-hole HB fiber sensors show that strain sensitivities are different in HB sensors after the lamination process in comparison to the original values. In our previous results [5][6][7] made for the composite, the strain sensitivity of the PM-PCF in free space was much lower than that of the side-hole fiber. The strain sensitivity of the PM-PCF fiber was 1.7 rad/(m mstrain) and for side-hole fiber was 4 rad/(m mstrain).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Angular Orientation of the Embedded Highly Birefringent Fiber on PMD Changes under Axial Stress

et al. 2011

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In the paper we present results of the research on polarization mode dispersion changes inside the polarimetric optical fiber sensors based on highly birefringent optical fibers embedded into composite materials with different angular orientations of the optical axes. Based on measurements made for different types of highly birefringent optical fiber sensors we have shown that strain sensitivities after lamination process are different in comparison to the data obtained before lamination. Our results indicate that polarization mode dispersion in side-hole highly birefringent fibers under axial stress strongly depends on fiber orientation in the composite material suggesting that orientation of the polarization axes of the highly birefringent fiber can be responsible for behavior of the fiber inside the composite material.

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Comparison of Bragg and Polarimetric Optical Fiber Sensors for Stress Monitoring in Composite Materials

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Polarimetric and Bragg Optical Fiber Sensors for Stress Distribution and Temperature Measurements in Composite Materials

Polarimetric and Bragg Optical Fiber Sensors for Stress Distribution and Temperature Measurements in Composite Materials

A Novel Electrically Tunable Long-Period Fiber Grating Using a Liquid Crystal Cladding Layer

Influence of Angular Orientation of the Embedded Highly Birefringent Fiber on PMD Changes under Axial Stress

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