Comparison of calculated and measured basic dosimetric parameters for total body irradiation with 6- and 18-MV photon beams

Abstract

Purpose: Total body irradiation (TBI) is an external beam radiation therapy in which large field size and extended source skin distances (SSDs) are applied to deliver a therapeutic dose to the whole body. As measurements in such situations are not common and have more uncertainties in comparison to standard dosimetry situations, it is more precise if calculated beam data can be used instead of measurements taken under TBI situations. The purpose of this study is to compare calculated beam data [percentage depth dose (PDD) and dose rate] with those obtained from simulated treatment measurements. Materials and methods: PDD and dose rates were measured for the 6- and 18-MV photon beams under TBI and standard conditions using 9,000 cm3 water phantom and ion chambers (Markus and Farmer). The results were then compared with the calculated PDD and dose rate data. The beam flatness was also measured under TBI and standard conditions for both 6- and 18-MV photon beams, and the results were then compared. Results: A comparison of the measurement and calculated beam data shows that the difference between calculated and measured PDD values is −6·97 and −4·14% for the 6- and 18-MV photon beams, respectively. The ratio of calculated to measured dose rate was 1·09 and 1·02 for the 6- and 18-MV photon beams, respectively. The beam flatness under TBI conditions was 4·59% for 6-MV and 5·37% for 18-MV photon beam, whereas under standard conditions, these values were 1·50 and 1·98% for 6- and 18-MV radiation beams, respectively. Findings: According to the results, due to a high error level in dose rate and PDD calculations, these parameters must be directly measured under TBI conditions; however, regarding the obtained results, direct measurement is not necessary for the 18-MV photon beam.

Evaluation of the surface dose for total body irradiation (TBI) technique with parallel-opposed anterior posterior geometry

“…But energy increment in turn leads to an increase in the depth of the build-up region and a decrease in the surface-absorbed dose. [9][10][11][12] This is an important issue in some cases treated by TBI such as leukaemia, in which cancerous cells have spread to all parts of the body, including the superficial capillaries of the skin. In TBI, a surface dose (normally 1 mm deep or greater) of at least 90% of prescribed dose is required to ensure that sufficient dose is received by skin, superficial lymphatics, rib bone marrow, skull, and sternum.…”