Comparison of Calipers for Matching on the Disease Risk Score

Connolly, John G.; Gagne, Joshua J.

doi:10.1093/aje/kwv302

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Matching on the PGS consists of matching exposed and unexposed subjects with similar values of the PGS. The same matching procedure as for PPS‐matching could be used, with the same width of caliper (0.2 of the standard deviation of

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). When the outcome is binary, matching cases (subjects with Y = 1) and controls (subjects with Y = 0) on the PGS has been reported .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of conditional and marginal odds ratios using the prognostic score

et al. 2016

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Introduced by Hansen in 2008, the prognostic score (PGS) has been presented as 'the prognostic analogue of the propensity score' (PPS). PPS-based methods are intended to estimate marginal effects. Most previous studies evaluated the performance of existing PGS-based methods (adjustment, stratification and matching using the PGS) in situations in which the theoretical conditional and marginal effects are equal (i.e., collapsible situations). To support the use of PGS framework as an alternative to the PPS framework, applied researchers must have reliable information about the type of treatment effect estimated by each method. We propose four new PGS-based methods, each developed to estimate a specific type of treatment effect. We evaluated the ability of existing and new PGS-based methods to estimate the conditional treatment effect (CTE), the (marginal) average treatment effect on the whole population (ATE), and the (marginal) average treatment effect on the treated population (ATT), when the odds ratio (a non-collapsible estimator) is the measure of interest. The performance of PGS-based methods was assessed by Monte Carlo simulations and compared with PPS-based methods and multivariate regression analysis. Existing PGS-based methods did not allow for estimating the ATE and showed unacceptable performance when the proportion of exposed subjects was large. When estimating marginal effects, PPS-based methods were too conservative, whereas the new PGS-based methods performed better with low prevalence of exposure, and had coverages closer to the nominal value. When estimating CTE, the new PGS-based methods performed as well as traditional multivariate regression. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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). When the outcome is binary, matching cases (subjects with Y = 1) and controls (subjects with Y = 0) on the PGS has been reported .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of conditional and marginal odds ratios using the prognostic score

et al. 2016

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“…Maximum-likelihood estimates of the propensity score for TXA use were determined with use of multiple logistic regression analysis, conditional on baseline covariates. One-toone greedy matching was implemented with a caliper width of 0.2 SD of the logit of the propensity score 17,18 , as in other highquality cohort studies using PSM [19][20][21] . A cutoff value of 0.10 for standardized mean differences (SMDs) was then adopted to assess the balance of covariates between the TXA and no-TXA groups in the overall and PSM populations 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Tranexamic Acid Use and Heterotopic Ossification Prevalence After Elbow Trauma Surgery

Liu¹,

Li²,

et al. 2023

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication of elbow trauma that can affect limb mobility.Inflammation is an initiating factor for HO formation. Tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce the inflammatory response after orthopaedic surgery. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of TXA use for HO prevention after elbow trauma surgery is lacking.Methods: This retrospective observational propensity-score-matched (PSM) cohort study was conducted from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021, at the National Orthopedics Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. A total of 640 patients who underwent surgery following elbow trauma were evaluated. The present study excluded patients with an age of <18 years; those with a history of elbow fracture; those with a central nervous system injury, spinal cord injury, burn injury, or destructive injury; and those who had been lost to follow-up. After 1:1 matching on the basis of sex, age, dominant arm, injury type, open injury, comminuted fracture, ipsilateral trauma, time from injury to surgery, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, the TXA group and the no-TXA group comprised 241 patients each.Results: In the PSM population, the prevalence of HO was 8.71% in the TXA group and 16.18% in the no-TXA group (with rates of 2.07% and 5.80% for clinically important HO, respectively). Logistic regression analyses showed that TXA use was associated with a lower rate of HO (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.86; p = 0.014) than no TXA use, as well as with a lower rate of clinically important HO (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.91; p = 0.044). None of the baseline covariates significantly affected the relationship between TXA use and HO rate (p > 0.05 for all). Sensitivity analyses supported these findings.Conclusions: TXA prophylaxis may be an appropriate method for the prevention of HO following elbow trauma.

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“…We then used risk-set sampling to identify exposure time-trend controls from the pregnant women . The control individuals were matched 1:1 to women with miscarriages based on their birth year and a disease risk score, within a caliper of 0.2 times the standard deviation of the logit of the score . The disease risk score was defined as a pregnant woman’s likelihood of experiencing a miscarriage conditional on age, psychiatric medical conditions, lifestyle factors, chronic comorbidities, medication use, and health care use measured within 180 days prior to pregnancy (eTable 2 in Supplement 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzodiazepine Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Miscarriage

Meng,

Lin,

Chuang

et al. 2024

JAMA Psychiatry

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ImportanceBenzodiazepine use during pregnancy has raised significant concerns due to the potential harmful effects of this drug class on neonates. Studies on the association between benzodiazepine use and the risk of miscarriage are limited.ObjectiveTo quantify the risk of miscarriage associated with benzodiazepine use during pregnancy after controlling for unmeasured confounders and exposure time trends.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a nationwide, population-based case-time-control study using Taiwan’s National Birth Certificate Application database and the National Health Insurance database. Pregnancies resulting in miscarriage between 2004 and 2018 were included in the case group and were 1:1 matched with exposure time-trend control individuals using disease risk score, considering demographic characteristics and prepregnancy comorbidities. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to March 2023.ExposuresDiscordant exposures to benzodiazepines during risk period (1-28 days before miscarriage) and 2 reference periods (31-58 days and 181-208 days before the last menstrual period) were compared for each pregnancy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMiscarriage was defined as any pregnancy loss occurring between the first prenatal care visit (usually 8 weeks) and the 19th completed week of pregnancy.ResultsThis study comprised a total of 3 067 122 pregnancies among 1 957 601 women, 136 134 of which (4.4%) resulted in miscarriage. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 30.61 (5.91) years. The use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.52-1.87), and consistent findings were observed across multiple sensitivity analyses considering different time windows and accounting for misclassification. In subgroup analyses, an increased risk of miscarriage was associated with each commonly used individual benzodiazepine, ranging from case-time-control ORs of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.17-1.66) for alprazolam to 2.52 (95% CI, 1.89-3.36) for fludiazepam.Conclusions and RelevanceThis nationwide case-time-control study revealed an increased risk of miscarriage associated with benzodiazepine use during pregnancy after accounting for measurable confounders, and results were unlikely to be due to unmeasured confounding. These findings underscore the necessity for health care professionals to meticulously balance the risk-benefit ratio when considering the use of benzodiazepines to treat psychiatric and sleep disorders during pregnancy.

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Comparison of Calipers for Matching on the Disease Risk Score

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Estimation of conditional and marginal odds ratios using the prognostic score

Estimation of conditional and marginal odds ratios using the prognostic score

Association Between Tranexamic Acid Use and Heterotopic Ossification Prevalence After Elbow Trauma Surgery

Benzodiazepine Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Miscarriage

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