Comparison of carbon aerogel and carbide-derived carbon as electrode materials for non-aqueous supercapacitors with high performance

Abstract

Two porous carbon materials, one synthesised by pyrolysis of an organic aerogel prepared using solgel method and the other synthesised from molybdenum carbide by high temperature chlorination method, were tested as supercapacitor electrode materials in a nonaqueous tetraalkylammonium salt-based electrolyte. The gravimetric capacitance values calculated for the carbon aerogel (CAG)-based system were almost two times smaller (~55 Fg −1 ) compared to carbide-derived carbon (C(Mo 2 C))-based system (~125 Fg −1 ). However, due to the very wide region of ideal polarizability, 3.6 V for C(Mo 2 C) and 3.8 V for CAG-based test cells, very high energy densities up to 63 Wh kg −1 (34 Wh dm −3 ) and power densities up to 757 kW kg −1 (314 kW dm −3 ) were estimated for these systems, respectively. CAGbased system shows very short characteristic charge/ discharge time constant values (0.05 s).

Surface Characterization of Supercapacitor Electrodes after Long-Lasting Constant Current Tests

“…According to the Refs. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the C" vs. f dependence has a maximum at the so-called relaxation frequency f R (Fig. 3a), determining the characteristic time constant τ R = (2πf R ).…”

Electrical conductivity, ion-molecular and interionic interactions in solutions of some tetraalkylammonium salts in acetonitrile: the influence of the ion and temperature

“…d is the density of a pure solvent, B is the density concentration coefficient. Experimental densities of the solutions of Bu 4 NBF 4 , Bu 4 NBr and Et 4 NBF 4 in acetonitrile were obtained for the concentration range of 0-1 mol kg -1 and fitted by equation (2).…”

“…Non-aqueous electrolyte solutions are widely used in electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors (SCs) with porous nano-carbon electrodes [1]. Non-aqueous solutions of tetraalkylammonium salt-based electrolytes were used to test samples of porous carbon electrodes in SCs [2]. On one hand, non-aqueous solutions of tetraalkylammonium salts have a broader operating current range [3] and a wider operating temperature range, compared to water electrolyte solutions [4][5].…”

Ethylenediamine-Catalyzed Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Aerogel under Hypersaline Condition for High-Performance Supercapacitors and Organic Solvent Absorbents

“…Supercapacitors have rapidly developed in recent decades because of their attractive merits such as high power density, short charging–discharging time, long cycling life, and eco-friendly feature, etc., which have triggered significant research efforts into developing electrode materials with high energy and power output and long cycling stability [1,2,3]. Among them, carbon aerogels (CAs) have been considered as promising materials for supercapacitor electrodes due to their advantages such as low density, three-dimensional interconnected network with numerous pores, large surface area, and extraordinary chemical and thermal stability, etc.…”