Comparison of catalytic activities of Ca-based catalysts from waste in biodiesel production

Bedir, Özlem; Doğan, Tuba Hatice

doi:10.1080/15567036.2021.1883159

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Due to higher stability and attractive catalytic activity, waste eggshell (WES) and chicken bone-derived CaO-based catalysts are suitable for the transesterification process. Due to the high abundance of WES and CaCO 3 associated with them, they are being explored heavily as a viable and economical source of the heterogeneous catalyst. , In the present study, WES, therefore, has been selected for heterogeneous catalyst synthesis. CaO being the fundamental constituent of calcined eggshells has low catalytic activity and high moisture sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride Conversion of Waste Frying Oil up to 98.46% Using Low Concentration K⁺/CaO Catalysts Derived from Eggshells

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, biodiesel, also known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), was synthesized from multi-stage frying waste soybean oil using chicken eggshell-derived CaO and potassium-impregnated K + -CaO heterogeneous catalysts. Potassium-impregnated catalysts (1.25% K + -CaO, 2.5% K + -CaO, and 5% K + -CaO) were developed by treating the calcined waste eggshell powder with KOH in different wt % ratios. The catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, BET, and particle size analysis techniques. Box–Behnken design-based optimization was exploited to optimize the reaction parameters. A maximum yield of 98.46%, calculated via 1 H NMR, was achieved following a 5% K + doping, 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 3% catalyst amount, 180 min reaction time, and 65 °C reaction temperature. The catalyst (5% K + -CaO) responsible for maximum biodiesel production was found to be highly reusable, with a 30.42% conversion decrease in activity after eight cycles of reuse. Gas chromatography was used to determine the composition of FAME produced from different cycles of waste soybean oil. Physicochemical parameters of the synthesized biodiesel were found to be compatible with EN and ASTM standards. This study has shown that the waste eggshell-derived heterogeneous catalysts have significant catalytic activity at relatively low K + doping and catalyst loading leading to high biodiesel conversion.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride Conversion of Waste Frying Oil up to 98.46% Using Low Concentration K⁺/CaO Catalysts Derived from Eggshells

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because of catalyst typical traits, including thermal and mechanical stability and low cost, metal oxides are frequently employed in the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts . The catalytic activity depends on the base or acid strength and active site concentration . The catalyst texture and degree of crystallinity also matter .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KNO₃-Loaded Coffee Husk Ash as a Heterogeneous Alkali Catalyst for Waste Frying Oil Valorization into Biodiesel

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a heterogeneous basic catalyst was synthesized from a catalyst composite material (CCM) of coffee husk ash and char mixture (A/C) impregnated with KNO 3 and employed to transesterify crude waste frying oil (WFO). The effect of CCM calcination temperature (CCMCT) (500−700 °C) on the catalyst physicochemical properties was investigated. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to examine potential phase changes during the calcination of A/C and CCM. The catalysts from each CCMCT were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer−Emmet−Teller surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer, colorimeter, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer. The methoxy functional group FTIR peak integral value and the dynamic viscosity of the biodiesel synthesized by each catalyst were used to determine the qualitative WFO conversion. Furthermore, the quantitative WFO conversion was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) analysis. Crystallinity, elemental composition, basicity, and morphology of catalysts were highly dependent on the CCMCT. Without transesterification condition optimization (reaction temperature of 45 ± 2.5 °C, catalyst loading of 3 wt %, methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, and reaction time of 1 h), a higher catalytic performance (72.04% WFO conversion) was reached using a catalyst from the CCMCT of 600 °C. When using a coffee husk ash catalyst without KNO 3 impregnation (C-00-600), the WFO conversion was only 52.92%. When comparing the C-25-600 and C-00-600 catalysts, it was observed that KNO 3 impregnation had a substantial impact on the catalyst crystallinity, basicity, and morphology.

show abstract

“…Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine applications synthesized from the reaction of vegetable oils, animal fats, waste cooking oils, algae oils, etc. [17,18] in the existence of a catalyst (homogenous, heterogeneous, and enzymes) with alcohol (generally lower-order alcohol) such as ethanol or methanol [19,20]. Biodiesel is non-toxic, biodegradable, and free of sulfur [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The industrial-grade hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil biodiesel application in a diesel engine: combustion, harmful pollutants, and performance characteristics

Yılbaşı

Yeşilyurt

Yaman

et al. 2022

Sci. Tech. Energ. Transition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The core focus of the present investigation is regarding biodiesel production from industrial hemp seed oil applying single-stage homogenous catalyzed transesterification process obtaining high yield of methyl ester. The engine tests were carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, unmodified diesel engine operating with hemp seed oil methyl ester as well as its blends with conventional diesel fuel. The experimental findings of the test fuels were compared with those from diesel. The results pointed out that the performance and combustion behaviors of biodiesel fuels are just about in line with those of diesel fuel propensity. The specific fuel consumption for 5% biodiesel blend (0.291 kg/kW h), 10% biodiesel blend (0.305 kg/kW h), and 20% biodiesel blend (0.312 kg/kW h) blends at full load was closer to diesel (0.275 kg/kW h). In the meantime, the thermal efficiency for biodiesel was found to be at the range of 15.98–24.97% and it was slightly lower than that of diesel (18.10–29.85%) at the working loads. On the other hand, the harmful pollutant characteristics of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke opacity for biodiesel and its blends were observed to be lower in comparison with diesel during the trials. However, the oxides of nitrogen emissions for biodiesel were monitored to be as 6.85–15.40 g/kW h which was remarkably higher than that of diesel (4.71–8.63 g/kW h). Besides that, the combustion behaviors of biodiesel and its blends with diesel showed much the same followed those of diesel. Namely, the duration of ignition delay of biodiesel–diesel blends was shorter than that of diesel fuel because of the higher cetane number specification of the methyl ester. The highest gas pressures inside the cylinder as well as the rates of the heat release of biodiesel including test fuels are lower in contrast to the diesel due to the shorter ignition delay. It could be concluded that the utilization of biodiesel produced from industrial hemp seed oil in the diesel engine up to 20% (by vol.) will decrease the consumption of diesel and environmental pollution, especially in developing countries.

show abstract

Comparison of catalytic activities of Ca-based catalysts from waste in biodiesel production

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Triglyceride Conversion of Waste Frying Oil up to 98.46% Using Low Concentration K⁺/CaO Catalysts Derived from Eggshells

Triglyceride Conversion of Waste Frying Oil up to 98.46% Using Low Concentration K⁺/CaO Catalysts Derived from Eggshells

KNO₃-Loaded Coffee Husk Ash as a Heterogeneous Alkali Catalyst for Waste Frying Oil Valorization into Biodiesel

The industrial-grade hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil biodiesel application in a diesel engine: combustion, harmful pollutants, and performance characteristics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Comparison of catalytic activities of Ca-based catalysts from waste in biodiesel production

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Triglyceride Conversion of Waste Frying Oil up to 98.46% Using Low Concentration K+/CaO Catalysts Derived from Eggshells

Triglyceride Conversion of Waste Frying Oil up to 98.46% Using Low Concentration K+/CaO Catalysts Derived from Eggshells

KNO3-Loaded Coffee Husk Ash as a Heterogeneous Alkali Catalyst for Waste Frying Oil Valorization into Biodiesel

The industrial-grade hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil biodiesel application in a diesel engine: combustion, harmful pollutants, and performance characteristics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Triglyceride Conversion of Waste Frying Oil up to 98.46% Using Low Concentration K⁺/CaO Catalysts Derived from Eggshells

Triglyceride Conversion of Waste Frying Oil up to 98.46% Using Low Concentration K⁺/CaO Catalysts Derived from Eggshells

KNO₃-Loaded Coffee Husk Ash as a Heterogeneous Alkali Catalyst for Waste Frying Oil Valorization into Biodiesel