Comparison of Caudal Epidural Anesthesia With Lidocaine-Distilled Water and Lidocaine-MgSO4 Mixture in Sheep

Bigham, A. S.; Sarvestani, Shafiei Z.; Shadkhast, M.; Sharifi, S.; Mahdavi, M. H.

doi:10.1097/00115550-200809001-00139

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The analgesia produced by the MG epidural was less intense and had a shorter duration of action. The dose of MG added to the KE epidural was based on data from cattle, horse, and sheep models [21][22][23] . In these studies, 1 mL 10% MG was added to lidocaine, a local anesthetic, aiming to prolong the analgesic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbosacral epidural magnesium prolongs ketamine analgesia in conscious sheep

DeRossi¹,

Pompermeyer²,

Silva-Neto

et al. 2012

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To determine the analgesic, motor, sedation and systemic effects of lumbosacral epidural magnesium sulphate added to ketamine in the sheep. METHODS: Six healthy adult male mixed-breed sheep; weighing 43 ± 5 kg and aged 20-36 months. Each sheep underwent three treatments, at least 2 weeks apart, via epidural injection: (1) ketamine (KE; 2.5 mg/kg), (2) magnesium sulphate (MG; 100 mg), and (3) KE + MG (KEMG; 2.5 mg/kg + 100 mg, respectively). Epidural injections were administered through the lumbosacral space. Analgesia, motor block, sedation, cardiovascular effects, respiratory rate, skin temperature, and rectal temperature were evaluated before (baseline) and after drug administration as needed. RESULTS:The duration of analgesia with the lumbosacral epidural KEMG combination was 115 ± 17 min (mean ± SD), that is, more than twice that obtained with KE (41 ± 7 min) or MG (29 ± 5 min) alone. KE and KEMG used in this experiment induced severe ataxia. The heart rate and arterial blood pressures changes were no statistical difference in these clinically health sheep. CONCLUSION: The dose of magnesium sulphate to lumbosacral epidural ketamine in sheep is feasible, and can be used in procedures analgesics in sheep. Key words: Ketamine. Analgesia, Epidural. Magnesium Sulfate. Sheep. RESUMO OBJETIVO:Determinar os efeitos analgésicos, motores, sedativos e sistêmicos da adição de sulfato de magnésio na analgesia epidural com quetamina em carneiros. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados seis carneiros machos sadios, pesando 43 ± 5 kg, com idade entre 20 a 36 meses. Cada animal recebeu três tratamentos, com duas semanas entre experimentos via administração epidural: (1) quetamina (KE; 2,5 mg/kg), (2) sulfato de magnésio (MG; 100 mg) e (3) KE + MG (KEMG; 2,5 mg/kg + 100 mg, respectivamente). As administrações epidurais foram administradas no espaço lombosacral. Analgesia, bloqueio motor, sedação, efeitos cardiovasculares, freqüência respiratória, temperatura retal e de pele foram avaliados antes (basal) e depois da administração dos fármacos até o fim da analgesia. RESULTADOS: A duração da analgesia com o tratamento KEMG foi 115 ± 17 min (média ± DP), duas vezes superior ao obtido com o tratamento KE (41 ± 7 min) ou tratamento MG (29 ± 5 min) isolados. Os tratamentos KE e KEMG induziram bloqueio motor severo. As pressões arteriais e freqüência cardíaca não foram estatisticamente significantes nestes animais. CONCLUSÃO: A adição de sulfato de magnésio a analgesia epidural com quetamina é viável, e pode ser usado para prolongar os efeitos analgésicos destes bloqueios em carneiros. Descritores: Quetamina. Analgesia Epidural. Sulfato de Magnésio. Ovinos.DeRossi R et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbosacral epidural magnesium prolongs ketamine analgesia in conscious sheep

DeRossi¹,

Pompermeyer²,

Silva-Neto

et al. 2012

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…Lidocaine (2%) with and without epinephrine alone or in combination with other drugs is the most commonly used local anesthetic in sheep and goats to induce epidural analgesia (Lucky et al, 2007;Bigham et al, 2009;Khajuria et al, 2014). However, in recent literature, there have been several research articles evaluating the analgesic effects of other drugs and drug combinations with variable successful results.…”

Section: Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analgesic effects of magnesium sulphate are believed to be due its calcium antagonistic effects and also due to its antagonistic effect on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (Sirvinskas and Laurinaitis, 2002). In sheep and goats, magnesium sulphate had been experimented at a dose rate of 100 mg to induce causal analgesia alone or in combination with lidocaine (Bigham et al, 2009;Bigham and Shafiei, 2008), and ketamine (DeRossi et al, 2012b). In sheep and goats, magnesium sulphate produced adequate analgesia of long duration for most obstetrical and surgical operations without the need for readministration of the anesthetic agent (Bigham and Shafiei, 2008;Bigham et al, 2009).…”

Section: Magnesium Sulphatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sheep and goats, magnesium sulphate had been experimented at a dose rate of 100 mg to induce causal analgesia alone or in combination with lidocaine (Bigham et al, 2009;Bigham and Shafiei, 2008), and ketamine (DeRossi et al, 2012b). In sheep and goats, magnesium sulphate produced adequate analgesia of long duration for most obstetrical and surgical operations without the need for readministration of the anesthetic agent (Bigham and Shafiei, 2008;Bigham et al, 2009). In sheep, the co-administration of magnesium sulphate Khajuria et al, 2014a Ropivacaine (1 mg/kg) Lignocaine (4 mg/kg) L6-S1…”

Section: Magnesium Sulphatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lemke and Dawson 2000;Skarda and Tranquilli, 2007). Opioids and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are commonly used in combinations with lidocaine resulting in longer and adequate analgesia(Bigham and Shafiei 2008;Bigham et al, 2009;Dehkordi et al, 2012;Rostami and Vesal, 2012)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Epidural Analgesia in Sheep and Goats: A Review of Recent Literature

Ismail

2016

BUASVMCN-VM

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This study was carried out to review the current literature concerning recent advances in the techniques, drugs and drug combinations used to induce epidural analgesia in sheep and goats. Data bases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar were searched using key words such as small ruminant anesthesia, local anesthesia in ruminants, and epidural analgesia in sheep and goats to retrieve recently published articles in this subject. Only articles published between 2007 and 2016 were considered. Relevant references in the bibliographies of included articles were also retrieved for review. A total of 14 research papers (7 in sheep and 7 in goats) published in refereed journals between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. The lumbosacral space was used in 9 and the first intercoccygeal space was used in one article. The most common drugs used to induce epidural analgesia in sheep and goats were 2% lidocaine with and without epinephrine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, magnesium sulphate, xylazine, ketamine, and tramadol, methadone, and morphine. The results of these studies indicated adequate analgesia for surgical operations of the perineum could be safely concluded in sheep and goats using any of the discussed drugs or their combinations.

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