Comparison of cell-wall teichoic acid with high-molecular-weight extracellular slime material from Staphylococcus epidermidis

Hussain, Md. Saddam; Hastings, James; White, Peter J

doi:10.1099/00222615-37-6-368

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Expression of the icaADBC operon depends on a variety of environmental conditions, and at least four unlinked genes (icaR, s B , the purR locus and SarA) are known to control PIA synthesis at the level of transcription (Conlon et al, 2002;Mack et al, 2000Mack et al, , 2007. However, cell-wall-linked Aap (accumulation-associated protein) and teichoic acids (Hussain et al, 1992) completely independent of PIA, consistent with the observation of ica-independent biofilms (O'Gara, 2007;Rohde et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The role of σ B in persistence of Staphylococcus epidermidis foreign body infection

et al. 2008

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Staphylococcal biofilm formation depends on the transcription factor s B . We further investigated the role of s B in biofilm formation and persistence in vitro and in vivo in a subcutaneous rat model. As expected, expression of all s B operon genes was transiently higher in the first 6 h of biofilm formation compared to planktonic bacteria, concurrent with a temporary upregulation of icaA and aap expression. However, we also observed a second upregulation of sigB expression in biofilm more than 2 days old without upregulation of icaA or aap. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 8400 and 1457 was compared to that of isogenic mutants with inactivation of rsbU, of rsbUVW and of the entire s B operon. Both wild-type strains and the constitutively sigBexpressing rsbUVW mutant showed a strong biofilm-positive phenotype. The rsbUVW mutant biofilm was, however, thinner and more evenly spread than the wild-type biofilm. Inactivation of SigB in the rsbUVWsigB mutant or mutation of the positive regulator RsbU reduced both the number of sessile bacteria and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) synthesis. These differences between the wild-types and their respective mutants appeared after 6 h in in vitro biofilms but only after 4 days in in vivo biofilms. Our results provide additional evidence for a role for s B in biofilm formation. They also suggest a role for s B in biofilm maturation and stability that is independent of PIA or accumulation-associated protein (Aap) and point to significant differences in the temporal development between in vitro and in vivo biofilms.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The role of σ B in persistence of Staphylococcus epidermidis foreign body infection

et al. 2008

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“…The structural role of PIA and the EC TA in the extracellular matrix under different growth conditions was therefore investigated. Hussain et al (20) isolated an "extracellular high-molecular-weight carbohydrate polymer (EC)" from S. epidermidis RP62A grown in chemically defined medium and found that its composition was identical to that of the cell wall teichoic acid of this strain (19). In a recent study, we established the exact chemical structure of both EC and CW TAs of this strain (43).…”

Section: Vol 73 2005 Biofilm-producing Staphylococcus Exopolysacchamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While cell wall (CW) TA is a common component of all gram-positive bacteria, extracellular (EC) TA has been discovered only in a limited number of species (10,23). Hussain et al (19) found that the chemical compositions of CW and EC TAs of S. epidermidis RP62A were very similar. Both TAs contained glycerol, phosphate, glucose, glucosamine, and D-alanine.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Extracellular Carbohydrate-Containing Polymers of a Model Biofilm-Producing Strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A

et al. 2005

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Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, primarily Staphylococcus epidermidis, are recognized as a major cause of nosocomial infections associated with the use of implanted medical devices. It has been established that clinical isolates often produce a biofilm, which is involved in adherence to biomaterials and provides enhanced resistance of bacteria against host defenses and antibiotic treatments. It has been thought that the staphylococcal biofilm contains two polysaccharides, one responsible for primary cell adherence to biomaterials (polysaccharide/adhesin [PS/A]) and an antigen that mediates bacterial aggregation (polysaccharide intercellular adhesin [PIA]). In the present paper we present an improved procedure for preparation of PIA that conserves its labile substituents and avoids contamination with by-products. Based on structural analysis of the polysaccharide antigens and a thorough overview of the previously published data, we concluded that PIA from S. epidermidis is structurally identical to the recently described poly-␤-(136)-Nacetylglucosamine from PS/A-overproducing strain S. aureus MN8m. We also show that another carbohydratecontaining polymer, extracellular teichoic acid (EC TA), is an essential component of S. epidermidis RP62A biofilms. We demonstrate that the relative amounts of extracellular PIA and EC TA produced depend on the growth conditions. Moderate shaking or static culture in tryptic soy broth favors PIA production, while more EC TA is produced in brain heart infusion medium.

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“…Bap homologs are also found in other bacteria, suggesting that the Bap family of surface proteins may have widespread importance in biofilm formation (Latasa et al 2005;Lasa and Penades 2006). S. aureus and S. epidermidis contain teichoic acids (TA), which are commonly found in many Gram-positive bacteria (Hussain et al 1992;Hussain et al 1993). TA can be linked to the cell wall in which case they are referred to as cell wall TA (WTA), or they can be linked to the cell membrane via a lipid anchor, known as lipoteichoic acid (LTA).…”

Section: Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal Biofilms

Otto

2008

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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686

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Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus are the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections and infections on indwelling medical devices, which characteristically involve biofilms. Recent advances in staphylococcal molecular biology have provided more detailed insight into the basis of biofilm formation in these opportunistic pathogens. A series of surface proteins mediate initial attachment to host matrix proteins, which is followed by the expression of a cationic glucosamine-based exopolysaccharide that aggregates the bacterial cells. In some cases, proteins may function as alternative aggregating substances. Furthermore, surfactant peptides have now been recognized as key factors involved in generating the 3-dimensional structure of a staphylococcal biofilm by cellcell disruptive forces, which eventually may lead to the detachment of entire cell clusters. Transcriptional profiling experiments have defined the specific physiology of staphylococcal biofilms and demonstrated that biofilm resistance to antimicrobials is due to gene-regulated processes. Finally, novel animal models of staphylococcal biofilm-associated infection have given us important information on which factors define biofilm formation in vivo. These recent advances constitute an important basis for the development of anti-staphylococcal drugs and vaccines.

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Comparison of cell-wall teichoic acid with high-molecular-weight extracellular slime material from Staphylococcus epidermidis

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

The role of σ B in persistence of Staphylococcus epidermidis foreign body infection

The role of σ B in persistence of Staphylococcus epidermidis foreign body infection

Extracellular Carbohydrate-Containing Polymers of a Model Biofilm-Producing Strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A

Staphylococcal Biofilms

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