Comparison of cellular immune responses to avian influenza virus in two genetically distinct, highly inbred chicken lines

Aston, Emily J.; Wang, Ying; Tracy, Karen E.; Gallardo, Rodrigo A.; Lamont, Susan J.; Zhou, Huaijun

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110233

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Different breeds of chickens may have variable levels of susceptibility or resistance to viral infections, which can affect the observed infection rates. Various factors can differ among breeds, such as immune system functionality, genetic predisposition, and overall health status, potentially leading to different infection consequences [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of the common viral respiratory viruses in backyard chickens in Basrah, Southern Iraq

Al-Mubarak,

Najem,

Thwiny

2023

Korean J Vet Res

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Many viruses can infect different types of birds, with poultry being the most susceptible. These viral diseases have a direct negative impact on the poultry industry, with significant economic losses. This study examined a group of the most important viruses that infect backyard chickens in 2 specific areas of Basrah Governorate, south of Iraq. The study analyzed avian influenza viruses (AIVs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Two hundred and ninety oropharyngeal swabs, 150 from Abu Al-Khasib and 140 from Shatt Al-Arab regions in the Basrah governorate, were obtained from backyard chickens with clear respiratory signs. The samples were subjected to viral RNA extraction, and the viral nucleic acids were detected using an RT-PCR technique. The overall rate of viral infections was 74.8%, which varied depending on the type of virus: 15.8%, 31.3%, and 27.5% for AIV, NDV, and IBV, respectively. The NDV and IBV had much higher infection rates than that of AIV. In addition, the prevalence of AIV in the Shatt Al Arab district was significantly higher than in the Abul Khasib district. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the NDV and the IBV distributions in either of the targeted regions in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of the common viral respiratory viruses in backyard chickens in Basrah, Southern Iraq

Al-Mubarak,

Najem,

Thwiny

2023

Korean J Vet Res

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“…IgY may reach the highest concentrations in serum of up to 7 mg/ml of all Igs (96,98). But IgY may also be detected in limited amounts at the mucosal surface (99,100). IgA can also be detected in low concentrations in serum and at high quantities in bile (101,102) and is overall the most prevalent Ig in the body (103).…”

Section: Acquired Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Rautenschlein,

Schat

2023

Avian Diseases

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Vaccination is crucial for health protection of poultry and therefore important to maintaining high production standards. Proper vaccination requires knowledge of the key players of the well-orchestrated immune system of birds, their interdependence and delicate regulation, and, subsequently, possible modes of stimulation through vaccine antigens and adjuvants. The knowledge about the innate and acquired immune systems of birds has increased significantly during the recent years but open questions remain and have to be elucidated further. Despite similarities between avian and mammalian species in their composition of immune cells and modes of activation, important differences exist, including differences in the innate, but also humoral and cell-mediated immunity with respect to, for example, signaling transduction pathways, antigen presentation, and cell repertoires. For a successful vaccination strategy in birds it always has to be considered that genotype and age of the birds at the time point of immunization as well as their microbiota composition may have an impact and may drive the immune reactions into different directions. Recent achievements in the understanding of the concept of trained immunity will contribute to the advancement of current vaccine types helping to improve protection beyond the specificity of an antigen-driven immune response. The fast developments in new omics technologies will provide insights into protective B-and T-cell epitopes involved in cross-protection, which subsequently will lead to the improvement of vaccine efficacy in poultry.RESUMEN. Estudio recapitulativo-Bases inmunológicas de la vacunación. La vacunación es crucial para la protección de la salud de las aves comerciales y por lo tanto, importante para mantener altos estándares de producción. Una vacunación adecuada requiere el conocimiento de los factores clave del sistema inmunológico bien orquestado de las aves, su interdependencia y su delicada regulación y posteriormente, los posibles modos de estimulación a través de antı genos y adyuvantes de las vacunas. El conocimiento sobre los sistemas inmunológicos innato y adquirido de las aves ha aumentado significativamente durante los últimos años, pero quedan preguntas abiertas que deben dilucidarse con profundidad. A pesar de las similitudes entre las especies de aves y mamı feros en la composición de células inmunes y modos de activación, existen diferencias importantes, incluidas las diferencias en la inmunidad innata, pero también en la inmunidad humoral y en la mediada por células, con respecto a las vı as de transducción de señales, la presentación de antı genos. y repertorios celulares. Para una estrategia de vacunación exitosa en las aves, siempre se debe considerar que el genotipo y la edad de las aves en el momento de la inmunización, ası como la composición de su microbiota pueden tener un impacto y pueden impulsar las reacciones inmunes en diferentes direcciones. Los logros recientes en la comprensión del concepto de inmunidad entrenada contribuirán al avance...

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“…CD8 + CTLs do participate in protective immunity against a lethal infection with a strain of HPAIV ( Seo et al., 2002 ) and CTLs also mediate cross-protective immunity for distinct strains of avian IAVs ( Seo and Webster, 2001 ). Some studies have also observed an association between chicken lines presenting distinct alleles of BF2 and challenged with LPAIV and levels of MHC class I expression on antigen-presenting cells and macrophage, B cell, and T cell frequencies in infected tissues ( Aston et al., 2021 ). Another study observed that macrophages from disease-resistant chickens of the B2 haplotype are more efficient at activating T lymphocytes than macrophages from disease-susceptible, B19 haplotype chickens ( Collisson et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: The Role Of the Mhc In Establishing Selective Pressures Upon...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary pressures rendered by animal husbandry practices for avian influenza viruses to adapt to humans

Camargo¹,

Caetano²,

Santos³

2022

iScience

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Comparison of cellular immune responses to avian influenza virus in two genetically distinct, highly inbred chicken lines

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular identification of the common viral respiratory viruses in backyard chickens in Basrah, Southern Iraq

Molecular identification of the common viral respiratory viruses in backyard chickens in Basrah, Southern Iraq

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Evolutionary pressures rendered by animal husbandry practices for avian influenza viruses to adapt to humans

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