Comparison of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured by Laser- Doppler Flowmetry and Hydrogen Clearance in Cats after Cerebral Insult and Hypervolemic Hemodilution

Kramer, Michael S.; Vinall, P.; Katolik, Leonid I.; Simeone, Frederick A.

doi:10.1097/00006123-199602000-00024

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…47 We did not evaluate the hydrogen clearance technique with regard to premature reper-fusion, but we expect a lower sensitivity because of its limited temporal resolution compared with LDF. 5,46,48,49 …”

Section: Premature Reperfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Reevaluation of the Intraluminal Thread Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Schmid-Elsaesser¹,

Zausinger²,

Hungerhuber³

et al. 1998

Stroke

251

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Background and Purpose-The intraluminal thread model for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) has gained increasing acceptance. Numerous modifications have been reported in the literature, indicating that the technique has not been standardized. The present study was performed to evaluate and optimize the reliability of this model. Methods-One hundred Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to MCAO by 2 different intraluminal filaments. Cortical blood flow was continuously monitored over both hemispheres by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). In part I (3-0 filament), we evaluated the incidence of adequate MCAO, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraluminal thrombus formation, and the effects of heparinization. In part II (silicone-coated 4-0 filament), we also determined the influence of insufficient MCAO on morphological and functional outcome and the incidence of postischemic hyperthermia. Results-In part I, SAH occurred in 30% and premature reperfusion in 24%. All animals with a decrease in contralateral flow had suffered SAH. Thrombus formation was not observed in any group. In part II, SAH occurred in 8% and premature reperfusion in 26%. There was no difference in outcome between rats with primary MCAO and rats with filament correction. Animals with uncorrected premature reperfusion had significantly smaller infarct volumes and fewer neurological deficits. Conclusions-SAH and insufficient MCAO may be more common in the intraluminal thread model than previously reported. Inadvertent premature reperfusion contributes to the interanimal variability associated with this model. The incidence of valid experiments increases with the use of a silicone-coated 4-0 filament. Continuous bilateral LDF is indispensable to monitor adequate MCAO and is highly sensitive to recognize SAH. (Stroke. 1998;29:2162-2170.)

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Section: Premature Reperfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Reevaluation of the Intraluminal Thread Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Schmid-Elsaesser¹,

Zausinger²,

Hungerhuber³

et al. 1998

Stroke

251

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“…However, LDF did not record absolute blood flow, and it was very sensitive to an altered position of the LDF probe. In addition, under conditions of changed blood hematocrit or fluctuations of blood gases, LDF did not accurately measure CBF values (Kramer et al, 1996;Gu et al, 2003). Therefore, physiology parameters should be monitored at the same time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many kinds of methods are widely used for measuring CBF. All methods have strengths and weaknesses (Kramer et al, 1996). Compared with other methods, LDF provides a noninvasive and continuous measure of local CBF, increasing the ability to observe instantaneous changes in cerebral microcirculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2-(1-Hydroxypentyl)-benzoate Increases Cerebral Blood Flow and Reduces Infarct Volume in Rats Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Zhang

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2006

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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2-(1-Hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (dl-PHPB), a derivate of 3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP), is a novel drug candidate used for treatment of cerebral ischemia. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of dl-PHPB on infarct volume, neurological function, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Therefore, an animal model of 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24-h reperfusion was used. Rats received dl-PHPB (1.3, 3.9, or 12.9 mg/kg) intravenously 10 min after the onset of MCAO. Compared with the vehicle control group (37.4%), infarct volume in dl-PHPBtreated groups was reduced significantly and dose-dependently to 25.4, 17.4, and 13.7%, respectively. The changes in neurological deficient were also observed in neurobehavioral test in a dose-dependent manner, and the neuronal score was improved significantly from the vehicle control of 3.2 to 2.7, 2.1, and 1.8, respectively. At the highest dose, the potency of dl-PHPB was similar to those of dl-NBP. CBF was quantified by using laser-Doppler flowmetry. During the ischemia, the regional CBF values of dl-PHPB groups were significantly higher than that of vehicle group. In addition, our study showed that dl-PHPB converted into dl-NBP very quickly in blood in vitro. Approximately 70% of dl-PHPB converted into dl-NBP in 5 min when dl-PHPB was added into plasma at final concentrations of 6, 30, and 60 g/ml. This result demonstrated that the neuronal protection effects of dl-PHPB were mainly induced by dl-NBP, an active compound converted from its precursor, dl-PHPB. In conclusion, dl-PHPB can reduce infarct volume and improve neurobehavioral deficits in a rat model of transient MCAO. Those effects may partially be due to an increase in CBF by the active metabolite (dl-NBP) of dl-PHPB. Therefore, our results suggest that dl-PHPB may be useful for treatment of ischemia stroke.

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“…To date, many investigators have demonstrated a good correlation in the percent changes in blood flow values between LD flowmetry and other methods such as HC [2, 3, 11, 12, 13], the microsphere technique [14]and [ 14 C]IAP [15]. Skarphedinsson et al [3]reported that the CBF in the parietal cortex using HC was 158.6 ± 11.5 (fast CBF), 29.1 ± 1.6 (slow CBF) and 83.3 ± 7.4 (mean CBF).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The changes in blood flow detected by LD flowmetry have been compared with other measurements performed by the hydrogen clearance (HC) method [2, 3], microspheres [4]and autoradiography [5]. These reports suggested that LD flowmetry does not provide accurate measurements of absolute lCBF values, but it facilitates accurate measurement of changes in lCBF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Absolute Cerebral Blood Flow by Laser-Doppler Scanning – Comparison with Hydrogen Clearance

Uranishi¹,

Nakase²,

Sakaki³

et al. 1999

J Vasc Res

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A major limitation of laser-Doppler (LD) flowmetry, which enables noninvasive and continuous recording of tissue perfusion, is its inability to evaluate the absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF). Using a computer-controlled micromanipulator, the LD scanning technique provides information on the brain microcirculation in many different locations, information which is not available from a single stationary probe. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether LD scanning estimates can be calibrated for the absolute CBF by comparing LD scanning with the hydrogen clearance (HC) method. In Wistar rats (n = 31) including old rats (122–123 weeks old, n = 8), the CBF was altered using the global ischemia model by bilateral carotid artery occlusion coupled with hypobaric hypotension. The CBF was determined simultaneously by the LD scanning technique and HC at each mean arterial blood pressure step, and the correlation of CBF between the two techniques was analyzed. CBF measured by LD scanning was expressed as LD units. Absolute CBF values obtained by methods were correlated (r = 0.87), and the formula to calibrate absolute CBF values from LD units was y = 1.8x – 0.6. On the other hand, in old rats the formula to calibrate the absolute values was different (y = 1.3x + 8.3, r = 0.85). The results suggest that CBF data obtained by LD scanning could be calibrated into absolute blood flow values in particular circumstances, and that LD scanning could compensate in part for the weakness of LD flowmetry.

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Comparison of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured by Laser- Doppler Flowmetry and Hydrogen Clearance in Cats after Cerebral Insult and Hypervolemic Hemodilution

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

A Critical Reevaluation of the Intraluminal Thread Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

A Critical Reevaluation of the Intraluminal Thread Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

2-(1-Hydroxypentyl)-benzoate Increases Cerebral Blood Flow and Reduces Infarct Volume in Rats Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Evaluation of Absolute Cerebral Blood Flow by Laser-Doppler Scanning – Comparison with Hydrogen Clearance

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