Comparison of characteristics during backward walking according to various stride frequencies in underwater and ground environments

Abstract

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate (HR), self-awareness of exercise intensity (rating of perceived exertion, RPE), and 5-meter walk test (5MWT) of persons affected by stroke during backward walking according to the preferred stride frequency (PSF), PSF＋3 and PSF＋6 conditions. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 11 persons with stroke (9 males, 2 females) participated voluntarily. All patients underwent backward walking under the PSF, PSF＋3, and PSF＋6 conditions in underwater and ground environments, and each condition was performed for 5 minutes. The HR, RPE, and walking speeds were measured during walking, and the measured values from underwater and ground environments were compared. Results: The HR and RPE in the ground environment were significantly increased (p<0.05), and although the 5MWT showed an increase in speed, it was not significant. The HR and RPE in the underwater environment were also significantly increased (p<0.05), however, although the 5MWT results was increased, it was not significant. The HR and RPE were significantly increased in the PSF＋6 condition (p<0.05). Conclusions:The results of this study showed that backward gait training underwater can provide an appropriate exercise intensity for stroke survivors and suggests that exercises performed in an underwater environment is more effective compared to the ground environment.

Effect of Underwater Gait Training with a Progressive Increase in Speed on Balance, Gait, and Endurance in Stroke Patients

“…9 For these reasons, underwater exercise is often recommended for elderly patients and stroke patients in order to cope with pathological pain in general. 7,[10][11][12][13] In recent years, studies focusing on underwater gait have been conducted and reported results including the improvement in muscle activity, heart rate, maximal oxygen uptake, stance stability, and symmetry through underwater gait. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] However, in most studies, there were no interventions regarding gait velocity in water.…”