Comparison of chemical composition of selected winter wheat species

Abstract

Chemical composition of common wheat-Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare Vill. Host., hard wheat-Triticum durum Desf., and spelt-Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta (L.) Thell grains was investigated. Total protein, wet gluten, fiber, ash, carbohydrates, falling number, macronutrients (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium), and microelements (copper, iron, manganese, zinc) were determined. Also standard deviation, variability and correlation coefficients were calculated. Hard wheat and spelt lines were characterized by much higher contents of total protein, wet gluten, and falling number value than common wheat; however, the highest protein concentration and falling number was recorded in grains of hard wheat. Common wheat was distinguished by low ash content and the highest carbohydrates level. Higher percentage of macronutrients and microelements in grains of spelt and hard wheat, as compared to common wheat, confirms the usefulness of these species for foodstuff production. Among the qualitative traits studied, content of carbohydrates appeared to be the least variable (cv = 2.2%), while the highest variability (cv = 31.1%) was shown by fat content. Significant correlations for the following trait pairs were observed: protein-gluten, protein-carbohydrates, fat-ash, fat-falling number, carbohydrates-gluten, and ash-falling number.

Investigation on the variation of chemical composition and in vitro nutritive value of spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) for ruminants

“…Overall, our results of chemical analyses were in agreement with results from previous studies (Fiems, De Boever, Vanacker, De Campeneere, & De Brabander, ; Ingalls, Morgan, Thomas, & Huffman, ; Lecomte, ; Rachoń & Szumiło, ). The average energy concentration of hulled spelt (11.7 MJ ME/kg DM, 7.3 MJ NEL/kg DM) was comparable to that of oats (11.5 MJ ME kg ‐1 DM, 7.0 MJ NEL/kg DM; DLG, ).…”

Nutritive value of spelt (Triticum aestivum spp. spelta L.) as influenced by the foliar application of copper, zinc and manganese

“…Spelt grain is characterized by higher protein content than bread wheat grain (Kohajdová, Karovičová, 2008;Rachoń, Szumiło, 2009;Escarnot et al, 2012). According to Mikos and Podolska (2012) and Świeca et al (2014), total protein content in spelt variety 'Schwabenkorn' grain varies within a wide range from 13.2% to 15.5%.…”

“…In the current research, it was found that supplementing mineral fertilisation with micronutrients did not have a significant effect on the Application of mineral fertilisers with micronutrients results in a higher yield and content of mineral components in grain (Narimani et al, 2010;Nadim et al, 2012). The nutritive value of spelt grain is high -the grain contains all necessary nutrients (Rachoń, Szumiło, 2009;Rachoń et al, 2015). Those authors found that, regardless of the micronutrients applied, the grain of spelt variety 'Schwabenkorn' contained more Cu, Mn and Fe compared to the finding of Kraska et al (2013).…”

“…In many studies, the researchers presented the suitability of spelt grain and flour for bread making and the manufacturing of food products (Świeca et al, 2014). As regards nutrition, spelt grain is more valuable than bread wheat (Rachoń, Szumiło, 2009). It is richer in protein, which is characterized by its relatively high biological value (Branković et al, 2015).…”

Influence of biomass ash, lime and gypsum fertilization on macro- and microelement contents in the soil and grains of spring wheat

“…The standard wheat cv. Tonacja is characterized by macroelements contents in grain dry matter at the levels of: phosphorus 3.8 g•kg -1 , potassium 4.2 g•kg -1 , magnesium 1.3 g•kg -1 , and calcium 0.34 g•kg -1 (Rachoñ and Szumi³o 2009). Assessment of these macroelements in grains of wheat reveals that it was very similar to the standard.…”