Comparison of chloroplast DNAs by specific fragmentation with EcoRI endonuclease

Atchison, Bentley A.; Whitfeld, Paul R.; Bottomley, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00332900

Cited by 95 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…3 along with undigested rye DNA and compared with the respective patterns of Spinacia cpDNA. The latter DNA is cleaved into twelve (Fig.3A, track a ; [35]) or more than 50 (Fig.3B, track c; [36]) fragments by SulI or EcoRI respectively. Fragmentation of the rye cpDNA with SulI gave eight bands with approximate molecular weights of 20.5 x lo6, 14.0 x lo6, 8.8 x lo6, 8.5 x lo6, 7.4 x lo6, 4.5 x lo6, 3.6 x lo6, and 2.8 x lo6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although restriction endonuclease analysis with a total of about 75 cleavage sites, corresponding to about 590 nucleotide pairs, is not sufficient to assess sequence homology between DNAs of this complexity, the procedure established that differences between the cpDNAs from leaves grown at 22°C or 32°C leaves, if they exist at all, can only be small. Relatively small heterogeneities or differences in mtDNA or cpDNA between species, strains or mutants of several organisms have been established in this way [36,39,401.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Presence of DNA in Ribosome-Deficient Plastids of Heat-Bleached Rye Leaves

Herrmann

Feierabend

1980

Eur J Biochem

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In leaves of rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) grown at 32°C the formation of plastid (70-S) ribosomes is specifically prevented. The resulting plastid-ribosome-deficient leaves can be used as a suitable system to identify chloroplast proteins which are translation products of cytosolic (80-S) ribosomes. The ribosome deficiency in plastids is accompanied by a bleaching of the leaves in light. In experiments aimed at finding the primary heat-sensitive event leading to ribosome deficiency the DNA of rye chloroplasts has been identified. Its properties are similar to those of chloroplast DNAs from other higher plants. The ribosome-deficient plastids isolated from heat-bleached rye leaves contained a DNA species which was indistinguishable from that of chloroplasts with regard to buoyant density in CsCl equilibrium gradients, reassociation properties and fragment patterns obtained upon cleavage by restriction endonucleases. Its quantity was comparable to that of chloroplast DNA of green leaves grown at a permissive temperature (22 "C). These results suggest that, unlike the effect in heat-bleached Euglena strains, lack of chloroplast DNA cannot be considered as the reason for the primary effect of high temperature on rye leaves but steps in the biosynthetic pathway of plastid ribosomes themselves must be affected more directly.In several higher plants, especially in cereal seedlings, the biogenesis of plastid ribosomes was found to be heat-sensitive [l]. When seedlings of these plants are grown at an appropriate non-permissive temperature, usually in the range between 32°C and 34 "C, the accumulation of plastid (70-S) ribosomes as well as that of plastid rRNA in leaves is prevented [2,3]. Consequently, defective plastids develop and the ribosome-deficient leaves grown in light are chlorotic [3,4]. In rye seedlings the interference of the high temperature was confined to events of plastid development and the high temperature apparently had no major damaging effects on the organization or functions of the rest of the cell [2-41.The high temperature appeared specifically to block the formation of the 70-S ribosomes in plastids and the defects observed seem to result primarily Abbreviations. NaCI/Cit, 0.15 M NaC1,0.015 M citrate, pH 7.2; cpDNA, chloroplast DNA, nDNA, nuclear DNA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Presence of DNA in Ribosome-Deficient Plastids of Heat-Bleached Rye Leaves

Herrmann

Feierabend

1980

Eur J Biochem

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“…To obtain total chloroplast genome copy numbers, average ploidy levels of 3C ([A] and [C]) and 4C (B) were assumed. For Arabidopsis, see Zoschke et al (2007). with leaky envelopes (Atchison et al, 1976). Moreover, apart from the fact that mature and aging tissues often accumulate secondary metabolites that are released during homogenization and may adversely affect envelopes, the two kinds of homogenization buffers used by the authors are physiologically imbalanced.…”

Section: Ptdna Is Ontogenetically Stablementioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast DNA in Mature and Senescing Leaves: A Reappraisal

et al. 2014

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The fate of plastid DNA (ptDNA) during leaf development has become a matter of contention. Reports on little change in ptDNA copy number per cell contrast with claims of complete or nearly complete DNA loss already in mature leaves. We employed highresolution fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, semithin sectioning of leaf tissue, and real-time quantitative PCR to study structural and quantitative aspects of ptDNA during leaf development in four higher plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana, sugar beet [Beta vulgaris], tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum], and maize [Zea mays]) for which controversial findings have been reported. Our data demonstrate the retention of substantial amounts of ptDNA in mesophyll cells until leaf necrosis. In ageing and senescent leaves of Arabidopsis, tobacco, and maize, ptDNA amounts remain largely unchanged and nucleoids visible, in spite of marked structural changes during chloroplast-to-gerontoplast transition. This excludes the possibility that ptDNA degradation triggers senescence. In senescent sugar beet leaves, reduction of ptDNA per cell to ;30% was observed reflecting primarily a decrease in plastid number per cell rather than a decline in DNA per organelle, as reported previously. Our findings are at variance with reports claiming loss of ptDNA at or after leaf maturation.

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“…Furthermore, by comparing the plasma type of the polyploid species to those of their putative ancestors, the descent of the cytoplasm in most polyploid species could be clarified : all these results have been compiled in a book edited by Tsunewaki (1980). In 1976, four papers appeared reporting successful characterization of both chloroplast (ct) and mitochondrial (mt) DNAs of higher plants by electrophoresis of their restriction enzyme digests (Atchison et al 1976;Bedbrook and Bogorad 1976;Levings and Pring 1976;Vedel et al 1976). Since then comparative analyses of organelle DNAs have become a new means for studying phylogenetic relationships among plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%