Comparison of Clinical Effectiveness of Deslorelin Acetate and Osaterone Acetate in Dogs with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Abstract

This article presents the results of a randomized clinical trial, designed to compare the efficacy and therapeutic profiles of YpozaneTM (osaterone acetate—OA) or SuprelorinTM (deslorelin acetate—DA) in male dogs with clinical signs of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Forty-five intact male dogs were used in the study. The Group I (negative control) included 10 healthy dogs, the Group II (positive control) included 10 dogs with confirmed BPH and no treatment, whereas Group III and IV consisted of dogs with BPH and treated either with DA (15 dogs) or OA (10 dogs). The clinical response, testosterone and estradiol levels, hematology, biochemistry, and adverse effects incidence were evaluated. Both OA and DA proved to be effective for BPH treatment in dogs, as they allowed for the clinical remission in all treated dogs. The complete alleviation of BPH symptoms was noticed sooner with the use of OA (in 80% of dogs from day 7) compared to DA (in 40% of dogs within the first 21 days). The recurrence of clinical signs related to BPH was observed from week 24 in dogs treated with OA, whereas no relapse was noticed in dogs treated with DA at the end of the 36 weeks of the observation period. In 5 dogs (33%) treated with DA, a flare-up effect (increase in the clinical signs associated with BPH) was noticed on day 7. Despite individual differences in the clinical action, both medications were effective and safe options for the treatment of symptoms related to BPH in dogs.

B-Mode and Doppler Ultrasonographic Findings of Prostate Gland and Testes in Dogs Receiving Deslorelin Acetate or Osaterone Acetate

“…Polisca et al [ 15 ] investigated only German shepherd dogs, of similar age and weight, whereas our investigations included dogs of various breeds, ages and weights. The obtained results in the current study, together with the results presented by Niżański et al [ 18 ] suggest that in cases with severe BPH symptoms it may be beneficial to initiate the therapy using both OA and DA together, to achieve a quick clinical response (OA) which lasts longer (DA), compared to the individual use of these drugs, but this needs further research.…”

“…Dogs were allocated into the Control Group II, and Study Groups III and IV based on clinical criteria presented in Niżański et al [ 18 ], the initial B-mode appearance of the prostate gland [ 14 ], and US-guided FNA (fine needle aspirate) of the prostate in order to confirm BPH by cytological criteria [ 19 ].…”

What Happens in Male Dogs after Treatment with a 4.7 mg Deslorelin Implant? I. Flare up and Downregulation

“…Vickery et al were the first to describe the use of GnRH agonists for chronic contraception in dogs [ 27 , 28 ]. Afterwards, various GnRH agonist depot formulations were described in the literature to successfully suppress testicular function in male dogs, namely buserelin [ 6 , 29 ], azagly-nafarelin [ 10 ] and deslorelin [ 7 , 8 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Effect of drugs on fertility in male dogs: A review

“…Medroxyprogesterone acetate reduced testosterone level, but had no significant effect on libido; low doses had no effect on semen quality, high doses decreased semen quality (Bamberg-Thalén & Linde-Forsberg, 1992;England, 1997;Paramo et al, 1993;Wright et al, 1979); megestrol acetate in low doses caused no change in semen quality, higher doses increased minor secondary sperm abnormalities, with no effect on libido (England, 1997); chlormadinone acetate in low doses had no effect on the testes, high doses decreased sperm count and motility, with an increased percentage of abnormal sperm (Kawakami et al, 1993;Murakoshi et al, 1992) Androgens Testosterone enhanced libido, but suppressed spermatogenesis (Freshman et al, 1990); testosterone esters produced a significant decrease in the plasma LH concentration and semen quality (England, 1997;Feldman & Nelson, 2004); synthetic androgen mesterolone improved sperm morphology of an oligoasthenoteratozoospermic dog (England & Allen, 1991) Antiandrogens Cyproterone acetate reduced libido and spermatogenesis (Renggli et al, 2010); osaterone acetate caused only minor reduction of libido and semen quality with transient increase in the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa (Ferré-Dolcet et al, 2022;Nizanski et al, 2020;Tsutsui et al, 2001); flutamide administrated for 1 year had no adverse effects on libido and sperm production (Romagnoli, 2006), longer administration for two or more years caused testicular interstitial cell hyperplasia, seminiferous tubular atrophy and degeneration (Frank et al, 2004) Estrogenic compounds Ethinylestradiol depressed testosterone level and negatively affected testes and semen quality (Bamberg-Thalén & Linde-Forsberg, 1992), administered for 1 year caused atrophy of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubuli with arrest of spermatogenesis, reduction of size and weight of testes, prostatic squamous metaplasia and prostate enlargement (Zayed et al, 1998); estradiol administered for one year caused atrophy of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubuli with arrest of spermatogenesis, reduction of size and weight of testes, prostatic squamous metaplasia and prostate enlargement (Zayed et al, 1998); diethylstilbestrol impaired spermatogenesis and reduced semen quality (Nizanski et al, 2014) Antioestrogens Clomiphene citrate improved poor semen quality (Kobayashi et al, 2018); tamoxifen reduced libido, ejaculate volume, sperm count and impairment sperm motility and morphology…”