Comparison of Clinical Features and Pathologic Findings in Fatal Cases of Typhoid Fever during the Initial and Later Stages of the Disease *

Azad, AK; Islam, Rabiul; Ma, Salam; An, Alam; Islam, M N; Butler, Thomas

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.490

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Typhoid fever, a common and sometimes fatal infection of adults and children that causes bacteremia and inflammatory destruction of the intestine and other organs, is endemic in most countries, especially throughout Asia and Africa (2). Chloramphenicol has been the treatment of choice for typhoid fever for 40 years, but the widespread emergence of multidrugresistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) has necessitated the search for other therapeutic options (12,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Azithromycin Versus Ciprofloxacin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever in a Randomized Trial in Egypt That Included Patients With Multidrug Resistance.

&NA;

2000

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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To compare clinical and bacteriological efficacies of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin for typhoid fever, 123 adults with fever and signs of uncomplicated typhoid fever were entered into a randomized trial. Cultures of blood were positive for Salmonella typhi in 59 patients and for S. paratyphi A in 3 cases; stool cultures were positive for S. typhi in 11 cases and for S. paratyphi A in 1 case. Multiple-drug resistance (MDR; resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) was present in isolates of 21 of 64 patients with positive cultures. Of these 64 patients, 36 received 1 g of azithromycin orally once on the first day, followed by 500 mg given orally once daily on the next 6 days; 28 patients received 500 mg of ciprofloxacin orally twice daily for 7 days. Blood cultures were repeated on days 4 and 10 after the start of therapy, and stool cultures were done on days 4, 10, and 28 after the start of therapy. All patients in both groups improved during therapy and were cured. Defervescence (maximum daily temperatures of <38°C) occurred at the following times [mean ؎ standard deviation (range)] after the start of therapy: 3.8 ؎ 1.1 (2 to 7) days with azithromycin and 3.3 ؎ 1.0 (1 to 5) days with ciprofloxacin. No relapses were detected. Cultures of blood and stool during and after therapy were negative in all cases, except for one patient treated with azithromycin who had a positive blood culture on day 4. These results indicated that azithromycin and ciprofloxacin were similarly effective, both clinically and bacteriologically, against typhoid fever caused by both sensitive organisms and MDR S. typhi.

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confidence: 99%

Azithromycin Versus Ciprofloxacin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever in a Randomized Trial in Egypt That Included Patients With Multidrug Resistance.

&NA;

2000

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…The latter demonstrate phagocytosis of lymphocytes, erythrocytes and typhoid bacilli and are known as Mallory cells (Fig. 11c) [52]. Infiltrating neutrophils are scant, largely due to the associated neutropaenia [53,54].…”

Section: Active Inflammation Lymphocytes and Histiocytes Predominantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the jungles of tropical infectious gastrointestinal pathology: a pattern-based approach to the endoscopic biopsy

Slavík

Lauwers

2017

Virchows Arch

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International travels and global human migration have had the unforeseen consequence of increasing the exposure of histopathologists in developed countries to the pathology of tropical infectious disease. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is often the primary site of infection due to the faecal-oral route of transmission and the high risk of exposure to contaminated water, food or soil when travelling to these regions. Whilst current microbiologic techniques are far more sensitive than histology in detecting infectious pathogens, the histopathologist nonetheless retains a pivotal role in diagnosing tropical GIT disease. This role entails evaluating endoscopic biopsies for any characteristic inflammatory pattern, identifying pathogens which may be present and excluding other look-alike pathologies. Recent advances in commercially available diagnostic modalities, including molecular techniques, have further broadened the scope of the histopathologist's armamentarium. This review outlines a practical pattern-based approach to diagnosing tropical GIT infections in endoscopic material, so as to assist pathologists less familiar with this spectrum of pathology.

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“…Animal experiments reveal similar evidence (Sen et al 1987). As for typhoid's impact on respiratory function, recent autopsies of typhoid victims reveal evidence consistent with respiratory distress syndrome (Azad et al 1997). The aforementioned study of Russian soldiers suggests that about 75 percent of all typhoid victims develop pneumonia, and that pneumonia is the proximate cause of death in 20 percent of the cases (Bobin et al 1993).…”

Section: B Typhoid Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Deprivation and Disease in Early Twentieth-Century America

Clay¹,

Troesken²

2006

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This paper explores how early life exposure to poverty and want adversely affects later life health outcomes. In particular, it examines how exposure to crowded housing conditions and impure drinking water undermines long-term health prospects and increases the risk of age-related pathologies such as cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Exploiting city-level data from early-twentieth century America, evidence is presented that cities with unusually high rates of typhoid fever in 1900 had elevated rates of heart and kidney disease fifteen years later; also cities with unusually high rates of tuberculosis in 1900 had elevated rates of cancer and stroke fifteen years later. The estimated coefficients suggest that eradicating typhoid fever (through water purification) and tuberculosis (through improved housing and nutrition) would have reduced later death rates from heart disease, cancer, stroke, and kidney disease by 23 to 35 percent.

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Comparison of Clinical Features and Pathologic Findings in Fatal Cases of Typhoid Fever during the Initial and Later Stages of the Disease *

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Azithromycin Versus Ciprofloxacin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever in a Randomized Trial in Egypt That Included Patients With Multidrug Resistance.

Azithromycin Versus Ciprofloxacin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever in a Randomized Trial in Egypt That Included Patients With Multidrug Resistance.

Navigating the jungles of tropical infectious gastrointestinal pathology: a pattern-based approach to the endoscopic biopsy

Deprivation and Disease in Early Twentieth-Century America

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