Comparison of Combustion and Emissions Properties of Jet-A vs. ULSD in Both Indirect and Direct Compression Ignition Engines at Same IMEP

Soloiu, Valentin; Naes, Tyler; Muiños, Martin; Harp, Spencer; Moncada, Jose; Gaubert, Remi

doi:10.4271/2016-01-0733

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…The TA number indicates the temperature at which the indicated percentages of the mass have been vaporized (e.g., TA10 is the point at which 10% of the fuel has been vaporized). Higher values indicate the thermal stability of the fuels (22). S-8 and IPK are less thermally stable, and therefore more volatile, than Jet A.…”

Section: Fuel Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Aircraft Gas Turbine Noise with New Synthetic Fuels and Sound Insulation Materials

Simons

Soloiu

2017

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The need to reduce the sound and vibration characteristics in the aerospace industry is continuously increasing because of the need to meet FAA regulations, to reduce noise pollution, and to improve customer satisfaction. To improve customer satisfaction, aircraft and engine manufacturers must work to control sound and vibration levels so that passengers do not experience discomfort during a flight. Sound and vibration characteristics of a fixed-wing aircraft with jet engines are composed of complex-frequency contents that challenge engineers in the development of quiet engine designs, aerodynamic bodies, and advanced sound-and vibration-attenuating materials. One of the noisiest parts of an aircraft, the gas turbine, was analyzed in this research. In Part 1 of this project, the use of alternative fuels in a gas turbine engine was investigated to determine whether those fuels have negative effects on sound and vibration levels. Three types of fuels were used: Jet A as the reference fuel, natural gas-derived S-8, and coal-derived isoparaffinic kerosene (IPK). The alternative fuels, S-8 and IPK, are Fischer-Tropsch process fuels. Overall sound and vibration characteristics of the alternative fuels presented a similar pattern across the frequency spectrum to those of the reference fuel, with the alternative fuels being slightly quieter. In Part 2, the sound path was treated by introducing sound-absorbing materials and investigating their acoustic performance. A melamine-based foam and soy-based foam were used in this research. Melamine is very lightweight, has excellent thermal endurance, and is hydrophobic. The soy-based foam was selected for its potential application in the aerospace industry to work toward a greener aircraft, in an effort to promote environmental sustainability. The soy-based material reduced the sound level by more than 20 dB(A) and presented better performance than the melamine at high frequencies.Aircraft and jet engine manufacturers are continually working toward greener products by researching emissions, noise pollution, and lighter and stronger materials, while staying conscious about safety and cost savings. This type of research benefits airports and their surrounding communities by reducing air and noise pollution. The goal of this project was to contribute to the aerospace community by conducting research on a gas turbine engine in the aerospace laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Georgia Southern University.Gas turbine engines used for propulsive thrust on airplanes are among the loudest components during ground and flight operations. The sound and vibration of the engines are transmitted through the engine mount and nacelle structure and into the airplane's cabin. Without proper treatment of the sound and vibration energies, aircraft passengers could be affected and feel unrested after a long flight. The sound and vibration energies can be managed by treating the source (jet engine), the path (acoustic treatment and vibration isolators), or the receiver (passengers...

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Section: Fuel Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Aircraft Gas Turbine Noise with New Synthetic Fuels and Sound Insulation Materials

Simons

Soloiu

2017

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Optical diagnostics of low-temperature ignition and combustion characteristics of diesel/kerosene blends under cold-start conditions

Shi

Lee

et al. 2019

Applied Energy

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Combustion Characteristics of Low DCN Synthetic Aviation Fuel, IPK, in a High Compression Ignition Indirect Injection Research Engine

Soloiu¹,

Weaver²,

Smith³

et al. 2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The Coal-To-Liquid (CTL) synthetic aviation fuel, Iso-Paraffinic Kerosene (IPK), was studied for ignition delay, combustion delay, pressure trace, pressure rise rate, apparent heat release rate in an experimental single cylinder indirect injection (IDI) compression ignition engine and a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Autoignition characteristics for neat IPK, neat Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), and a blend of 50%IPK and 50% ULSD were determined in the CVCC and the effects of the autoignition quality of each fuel were determined also in an IDI engine. ULSD was found to have a Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of 47 for the batch used in this experimentation. IPK was found to have a DCN of 25.9 indicating that is has a lower affinity for autoignition, and the blend fell between the two at 37.5. Additionally, it was found that the ignition delay for IPK in the CVCC was 5.3 ms and ULSD was 3.56 ms. This increase in ignition delay allowed the accumulation of fuel in the combustion chamber when running with IPK that resulted in detonation of the premixed air and fuel found to cause high levels of Ringing Intensity (RI) when running neat IPK indicated by the 60% increase in Peak Pressure Rise Rate (PPRR) when compared to ULSD at the same load. An emissions analysis was conducted at 7 bar Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) for ULSD and the blend of 50% ULSD and 50% IPK. With the addition of 50% IPK by mass, there was found to be a reduction in the NO<sub>x</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, with a slight increase in the CO in g/kWh.</div></div>

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Comparison of Combustion and Emissions Properties of Jet-A vs. ULSD in Both Indirect and Direct Compression Ignition Engines at Same IMEP

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Reduction of Aircraft Gas Turbine Noise with New Synthetic Fuels and Sound Insulation Materials

Reduction of Aircraft Gas Turbine Noise with New Synthetic Fuels and Sound Insulation Materials

Optical diagnostics of low-temperature ignition and combustion characteristics of diesel/kerosene blends under cold-start conditions

Combustion Characteristics of Low DCN Synthetic Aviation Fuel, IPK, in a High Compression Ignition Indirect Injection Research Engine

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