Comparison of Compression Performance and Energy Absorption of Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Shi, Xiaohan; Liao, Wenhe; Li, Peifeng; Zhang, Changdong; Liu, Tingting; Wang, Cong; Wu, Jiajing

doi:10.1002/adem.202000453

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…From these results, it was concluded that samples with a gyroid infill pattern were able to acheive a softer response than samples printed with a lines infill. This is consistent with other studies that found the gyroid structure to be softer than both diamond and primitive (grid and lines) lattice structures (Shi et al, 2020). Conclusions from the test report stated that the varioshore TPU printed samples could achieve similar properties to that of the materials currently used to manufacture orthotics, such as Poron foams and EVAs, but further development of softer samples is needed to obtain a suitable material stiffness range for orthotic production.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Digital Design for Diabetes: 3D Printing Variable-Density Diabetic Orthotics to Mitigate Lower-Limb Amputations in New Zealand

Michau¹

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Currently, there are approximately 228,000 people in New Zealand who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Without critical intervention, this number is projected to reach epidemic proportions within the next 20 years. The development of type 2 diabetes is most commonly seen in those who are obese and can cause significant physical, mental and financial complications for the patient. Arguably the most detrimental of the physical complications is diabetic neuropathy, which is a form of nerve damage caused by the long-term blood vessel damage, and can eventually lead to amputation of the patient's foot or entire lower leg. There are numerous factors that play a role in the eventual need for amputation; however, the presentation and development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are considered to be the most substantial. This research focuses on mitigating diabetes-related amputations and improving the overall well-being of those with diabetes in New Zealand by developing a range of customised orthotics to assist in the prevention of DFUs. Contextual research into diabetes, an analysis of current treatment strategies/products, and experimentation with innovative new materials and manufacturing technologies will be used to inform new product concepts. An experimental and iterative research process is used to explore bio-based materials and 'foaming' 3D print filament. Digital control of the 3D printing process combined with data-driven geometry control through parametric software, is then used to generate variable physical and mechanical properties from a single material for use in multi-density orthotic production. The intention is to replicate the properties of the foams and varying density EVAs that are traditionally used to make customised orthotics. The design output of this research is a digitally-generated, 3D-printed orthotic product that can effectively assist in preventing the presentation and development of DFUs, subsequently mitigating diabetes-related amputations in New Zealand. Additionally, this research aims to provide performance specifications for future bio-based, multi-density materials that can be controlled using additive manufacturing technologies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Digital Design for Diabetes: 3D Printing Variable-Density Diabetic Orthotics to Mitigate Lower-Limb Amputations in New Zealand

Michau¹

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“…[82] The compressive mechanical performance and energy absorption capacity of TPMS structures with and without density gradients have been investigated in numerous studies. For instance, quasistatic compressive behaviors of four different TPMS lattice structures were analyzed experimentally and numerically by Shi et al [83] While gyroid, diamond, and I-wrapped (IW) structures have a bending-torsional coupling deformation mode due to their relative density, gyroid and IW structures showed improved compressive mechanical performance but lowered energy absorption capacities. Yu et al [84] investigated the mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity of uniform and density-graded Schwarz-primitive and gyroid lattice structures (Figure 4b).…”

Section: Definitions Types and Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density‐Graded Cellular Solids: Mechanics, Fabrication, and Applications

et al. 2021

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Cellular solids have gained extensive popularity in different areas of engineering due to their unique physical and mechanical properties. Recent advancements in manufacturing technologies have led to the development of cellular solids with highly controllable microstructures and properties modulated for multiple functionalities at low structural weights. The concept of density gradation in cellular solids has recently gained attention due to its potentials in opening new doors to the development of lightweight structures that offer optimal physical and mechanical properties without compromising their favorable characteristics. Herein, a comprehensive insight into the fundamental concepts, fabrication, and current and potential applications of density‐graded cellular solids in various areas of science and engineering is provided. Cellular solids are broadly classified into two main categories: foams and lattice structures. An overview of the fundamental concepts in each category is presented, followed by details on the characterization approaches and some of the most novel processing techniques utilized in fabricating the structures. The uses of density‐graded structures in load‐bearing, acoustic, and biomedical applications are highlighted. The state of the art in each category and the current trends in application‐specific optimization of density‐graded structures are discussed. The review concludes with an outlook of the future directions in this exciting field.

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“…In relationship with the previous studies of the capability of TPMS to absorb energy, it must be highlighted that, despite there are some experimental studied of the behavior of these materials under quasi static load or with a low strain rate (0.001 s -1 to 0.01 s -1 ) 20,26,30 , there are only a few that study these materials under dynamic loads and analyzes the influence of the strain rate. In the case of McKown et al 19 , they study the behavior of octahedral lattice structure under quasi-static and low strain rate (0.001 to 0.5 s -1 ) load cases and also under blast loading (10 3 s -1 ) using a drop tower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and energy–absorption capabilities of thermoplastic sheet gyroid structures

Higuera

Buil

Ranz

2021

Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures

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Mechanical properties and energy-absorption capabilities of thermoplastic sheet gyroid structuresThe development of additive manufacturing and lattice structures has created opportunities for the development of lightweight impact-absorption structures that can overcome most constraints of previously used materials such as expanded polystyrene foams. However, for the successful application of such structures, the effects of their variables and performance must be established. In this study, the mechanical properties and energy absorption of thermoplastic sheet gyroid structures were investigated and compared with the performance of current materials. Consequently, the specimens were tested after changing the main variables, i.e., cell size and volume fraction, of various thermoplastic materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polylactic acid, thermoplastic polyurethane, and polyamide 12. Finally, they were tested in a quasi-static compression test and their deformation stages were photographed. The stressstrain curves of all materials changed after adopting the sheet gyroid structure, exhibiting three distinct regions: linear elastic, long collapse plateau, and densification that made them particularly applicable for energy absorption.Volume fraction affected the layer collapse. The elastic geometrical stiffness increased for higher volume fractions and smaller cells. In addition, the peak and plateau stresses increased at higher volume fractions, and while smaller cells were not directly affected, the area under the curves were. Hence, for most materials, specific energy absorption was larger for higher volume fractions and smaller cells. The constituent material properties contributed significantly to the structural behavior, exhibiting three primary deformation mechanisms, i.e., elastomeric, elastic-plastic, and elastic-brittle, resulting in a wide spectrum of properties for each application requirement. The comparison of the optimal properties with the expanded polystyrene demonstrated the ability of sheet gyroid structures to overcome most of its challenges, exhibiting a superior specific energy absorption, ability to withstand various impacts, letting air flow in its all axes, and being recyclable. Thus, sheet gyroid structures can be considered promising alternatives.

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Comparison of Compression Performance and Energy Absorption of Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Abstract: Figure 9. Energy absorption of Gyroid and IW structures to the compressive strains of 15% and 70%.

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Digital Design for Diabetes: 3D Printing Variable-Density Diabetic Orthotics to Mitigate Lower-Limb Amputations in New Zealand

Digital Design for Diabetes: 3D Printing Variable-Density Diabetic Orthotics to Mitigate Lower-Limb Amputations in New Zealand

Density‐Graded Cellular Solids: Mechanics, Fabrication, and Applications

Mechanical properties and energy–absorption capabilities of thermoplastic sheet gyroid structures

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