Comparison of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Rates in the First Four Epidemic Waves in Hungary in a Single-Center Study with Special Regard to Critically Ill Patients in an Intensive Care Unit

Nagy, Éva; Golopencza, Péter; Barcs, István; Ludwig, Endre

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8030153

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It was found that the course of the disease in patients from the 3 rd COIVID-10 wave, infected with the transformed alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, was significantly more severe than in the previous ones. 13,14 The subsequent 4 th wave, comprising the next variants of SARS-CoV-2-Delta (B.1.617.2), resulted in a more severe course of the disease, being the most dangerous and having the worst results. 15,16 However, differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 viral variants was also not common in Poland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of T cell maturation profiles in the 1st and 5th wave of COVID-19 in the Polish population

Rutkowska,

Kwiecień,

Raniszewska

et al. 2024

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. The coronavirus pandemic has become the most critical global health threat of this century and the greatest challenge to the human population. The search for simple and quick diagnostic methods enabling the identification of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus may be a valuable method to track infection.Objectives. The aim of the study was the clinical and immunological characterization of patients by assessing the degrees of maturity of T lymphocytes from the 1 st and 5 th waves of coronavirus disease 2019 in comparison to a healthy control group (HC). Materials and methods.We determined leukocyte and T lymphocyte subpopulations (recent thymic emigrant (RTE), naïve, effector, central memory and effector memory) in patients from the 1 st COVID-19 wave (n = 23), the 5 th COVID-19 wave (n = 38) and HC (n=20) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies using multiparameter flow cytometry.Results. We observed a lower median proportion of lymphocytes and NK cells, and elevated percentage and number of neutrophils in patients from the 5 th wave compared to the 1 st . We found a reduced percentage of CD4 + effector memory cells in the 1 st wave group compared to the 5 th wave (14. 1 vs 23.2, p < 0.05), and a higher percentage of RTE and naïve CD8 + cells in the 1 st wave compared to the 5 th wave (p < 0.05). The effector memory CD8 + cells were highest in the 5 th wave compared to both 1 st wave and HC patients (respectively, 35. 1 vs 18. 1 vs 19.3%, p < 0.05). The 5 th wave group showed significantly more differences compared to HC. Conclusions.Our results showed a clear increase of effector cells with a simultaneous decrease in virgin T cells in the 5 th COVID-19 infection. Monitoring lymphocyte subsets during infection allows assessment of the patient's immune status and of readiness of lymphocytes to respond to the immune response, and may be necessary to improve clinical outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of T cell maturation profiles in the 1st and 5th wave of COVID-19 in the Polish population

Rutkowska,

Kwiecień,

Raniszewska

et al. 2024

Adv Clin Exp Med

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“…Since the official recognition of SARS-CoV-2 in January 2020 [1], a significant number of studies have been published, elucidating the characteristics, diagnosis methods, possible mechanisms, and severity of the disease, as well as immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people suffering from COVID-19 and information on the virus itself [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, these studies largely focused on COVID-19 s ability to cause deadly disease in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Hungarian Outpatient Cohort in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2023

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We aimed to estimate the proportion of the population infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the first year of the pandemic. The study population consisted of outpatient adults with mild or no COVID-19 symptoms and was divided into subpopulations with different levels of exposure. Among the subpopulation without known previous COVID-19 contacts, 4143 patients were investigated. Of the subpopulation with known COVID-19 contacts, 594 patients were investigated. IgG- and IgA-seroprevalence and RT-PCR positivity were determined in context with COVID-19 symptoms. Our results suggested no significant age-related differences between participants for IgG positivity but indicated that COVID-19 symptoms occurred most frequently in people aged between 20 and 29 years. Depending on the study population, 23.4–74.0% PCR-positive people (who were symptomless SARS-CoV-2 carriers at the time of the investigation) were identified. It was also observed that 72.7% of the patients remained seronegative for 30 days or more after their first PCR-positive results. This study hoped to contribute to the scientific understanding of the significance of asymptomatic and mild infections in the long persistence of the pandemic.

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COVID-19 mortality prediction in Hungarian ICU settings implementing random forest algorithm

Hamar,

Mohammed,

Váradi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The emergence of newer SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) profoundly changed the ICU demography; this shift in the virus’s genotype and its correlation to lethality in the ICUs is still not fully investigated. We aimed to survey ICU patients’ clinical and laboratory parameters in correlation with SARS-CoV-2 variant genotypes to lethality. 503 COVID-19 ICU patients were included in our study beginning in January 2021 through November 2022 in Hungary. Furthermore, we implemented random forest (RF) as a potential predictor regarding SARS-CoV-2 lethality among 649 ICU patients in two ICU centers. Survival analysis and comparison of hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and vaccination effects were conducted. Logistic regression identified DM as a significant mortality risk factor (OR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.06–2.29, p = 0.025), while HT showed marginal significance. Additionally, vaccination demonstrated protection against mortality (p = 0.028). RF detected lethality with 81.42% accuracy (95% CI 73.01–88.11%, [AUC]: 91.6%), key predictors being PaO2/FiO2 ratio, lymphocyte count, and chest Computed Tomography Severity Score (CTSS). Although a smaller number of patients require ICU treatment among Omicron cases, the likelihood of survival has not proportionately increased for those who are admitted to the ICU. In conclusion, our RF model supports more effective clinical decision-making among ICU COVID-19 patients.

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Comparison of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Rates in the First Four Epidemic Waves in Hungary in a Single-Center Study with Special Regard to Critically Ill Patients in an Intensive Care Unit

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Comparison of T cell maturation profiles in the 1st and 5th wave of COVID-19 in the Polish population

Comparison of T cell maturation profiles in the 1st and 5th wave of COVID-19 in the Polish population

Asymptomatic and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Hungarian Outpatient Cohort in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 mortality prediction in Hungarian ICU settings implementing random forest algorithm

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