Comparison of cryopreserved human sperm in vapor and liquid phases of liquid nitrogen: effect on motility parameters, morphology, and sperm function

Liquid nitrogen vapor is comparable to liquid nitrogen for storage of cryopreserved human sperm: evidence from the characteristics of post-thaw human sperm

“…In addition, the sperm PR motility, total motility, normal morphology rate, viability rate (except for storage in LN 2 vapor after 12 months), and DNA integrity (except for storage in LN 2 after 12 months) were found to be decreased after storage either in LN 2 or in LN 2 vapor (P< .05) compared with fresh sperm in our study, which is consistent with the previous studies (7)(8)(9)13).…”

“…The results from studies of storage of cryopreserved human sperm in LN 2 vapor, including our study, show good results (7)(8)(9)17), but not all of these studies evaluated the safety of vapor storage. It has been recognized that crosscontamination and transmission of pathogens via LN 2 could occur (21), although the transmission of infectious diseases through LN 2 has not been reported in assisted reproductive technology.…”

“…However, the temperature of LN 2 vapor is higher than that of LN 2 , which may affect the quality of cryopreserved human sperm (6). Although some studies have reported that there is no obvious difference in sperm quality between LN 2 vapor and LN 2 for human sperm storage, the duration of storage (from 3 days to 3 months) was short (7)(8)(9). These studies also did not evaluate the acrosin activity of preserved sperm, which is affected by cryopreservation (10) and can be considered as a predictor of sperm fertilizing capacity in standard IVF (11,12).…”

Sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation of balanced chromosomal rearrangements carriers

“…However, we did not find difference between 45,XY,der(13;14) versus others RT carriers (data not shown). Moreover, the influence of freezing on diminished sperm motility [34] can be excluded, as we retrospectively considered only the results of analyses carried out on a fresh semen samples.…”

Effects of cryopreservation on human sperm deoxyribonucleic acid integrity

“…Therefore, sperm can loose its function and some of its fertility potential. It was largely reported that freezing-thawing results in decrease in sperm viability and motility (6)(7)(8) and, the impact of cryostorage on sperm DNA was also investigated in many studies, but results remain controversial. In fact, in some studies, sperm DNA integrity was altered after cryopreservation/thaw (8)(9)(10), whereas it was not affected in other studies (4,7).…”