Comparison of cube rotations around axes inclined relative to the environment or to the cube.

Shiffrar, Margaret M.; Shepard, Roger N.

doi:10.1037//0096-1523.17.1.44

Cited by 22 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For realistic stimuli, there is some evidence for better performance for rotations around a vertical axis compared with a horizontal rotation in picture plane ( Foulkes & Hollifield, 1989 ). A possible reason could be the relevance of vertical rotations and gravity in real-life, but as Shiffrar and Shepard (1991) point out, these differences could be related to how the rotational axes are aligned with the features of the stimuli even for abstract figures. Despite the possibility for much further research into the effect of rotational axes, it seems unlikely that rotations in depth are a major reason for the discrepancy between sex differences found in different tests.…”

Section: Part 1: Theories Regarding Sex Differences In Performance An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the design of mental rotation trials on performance and possible differences between sexes: A theoretical review and experimental investigation

Jost,

Jansen

2023

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Sex differences in mental rotation performance are one of the largest in cognitive psychology. Men outperform women by up to one standard deviation in psychometric mental rotation tests, but it is often neglected that there are no or only small sex differences for chronometric tests. As both tests are supposed to measure the same ability, we suspect some features of the tests themselves to affect sex differences in performance. Following a theoretical review of test features, we evaluate the effects of the number of possible answer alternatives, whether they are presented as pairwise mirrored, and their interaction on sex differences in mental rotation performance. In an online experiment, 838 German-speaking participants (421 women, 417 men, mean age 42.58 (SD = 12.54) years) solved four blocks of mental rotation trials with two or eight alternatives, which were either pairwise mirrored or not. The results show that that the overall performance was lower for more alternatives and for mixed alternatives but not for their interaction. We could not determine explanations for sex differences as we did not observe meaningful sex differences at all. Possible reasons include the differences between men and women in age and education. This study suggests that the differences between tests affect performance. Sex differences, however, need more investigation including possible effects and interactions of the test design, education, and age.

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Section: Part 1: Theories Regarding Sex Differences In Performance An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the design of mental rotation trials on performance and possible differences between sexes: A theoretical review and experimental investigation

Jost,

Jansen

2023

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Yet, despite decades of research on visual object perception, fundamental questions remain about why certain views of objects are special. There is a confusing array of terms and ideas related to different kinds of views, including 'canonical' [2][3][4][5][6], 'accidental' or 'non-accidental' [7][8][9], 'generic' [10][11][12] or 'cardinal' (or being aligned along a cardinal axis [13][14][15][16][17]). Here, we sought a computational framework for understanding why some views are privileged in object perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple optical flow model explains why certain object viewpoints are special

Stewart,

Fleming,

Schütz

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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A core challenge in perception is recognizing objects across the highly variable retinal input that occurs when objects are viewed from different directions (e.g. front versus side views). It has long been known that certain views are of particular importance, but it remains unclear why. We reasoned that characterizing the computations underlying visual comparisons between objects could explain the privileged status of certain qualitatively special views. We measured pose discrimination for a wide range of objects, finding large variations in performance depending on the object and the viewing angle, with front and back views yielding particularly good discrimination. Strikingly, a simple and biologically plausible computational model based on measuring the projected three-dimensional optical flow between views of objects accurately predicted both successes and failures of discrimination performance. This provides a computational account of why certain views have a privileged status.

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The Hierarchical nature of perceiving direction of motion in depth from optic flow

Ziegler¹,

Dowling²

1995

Vision Research

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Monocular adaptation to flow fields of optic expansion and contraction juxtaposed on either side of fixation influenced subsequently perceived rotation direction of a figure rotating in depth (kinetic depth effect) about its vertical axis with a normally ambiguous direction. This influence was shown to be asymmetric since adapting to optic expansion produced significantly more aftereffects of translation in depth than did adapting to perceived rotation in depth when viewing a neutral test stimulus. The results are evidence for a hierarchical processing model for the perception of motion in depth from optic flow. Serendipitously, we discovered a new aftereffect from viewing kinetic depth rotation with direction specified by proximity-luminance covariation (PLC). The results and other research are discussed in terms of neural network models with synergistic interactions between levels.

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Comparison of cube rotations around axes inclined relative to the environment or to the cube.

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

The influence of the design of mental rotation trials on performance and possible differences between sexes: A theoretical review and experimental investigation

The influence of the design of mental rotation trials on performance and possible differences between sexes: A theoretical review and experimental investigation

A simple optical flow model explains why certain object viewpoints are special

The Hierarchical nature of perceiving direction of motion in depth from optic flow

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