Comparison of definitions for the metabolic syndrome in adolescents. The HELENA study

Vanlancker, Tine; Schaubroeck, Emmily; Vyncke, Krishna; Cadenas‐Sanchez, Cristina; Breidenassel, Christina; González‐Gross, Marcela; Gottrand, Frédéric; Moreno, Luís A.; Béghin, Laurent; Molnár, Denés; Μanios, Yannis; Gunter, Marc J.; Widhalm, Kurt; Leclercq, Catherine; Dallongeville, Jean; Marcos, Ascensión; Kafatos, Anthony; Castillo, Manuel J.; Henauw, Stefaan De; Ortega, Francisco B.; Huybrechts, Inge

doi:10.1007/s00431-016-2831-6

Cited by 57 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the exact prevalence of MetS is difficult to identify since the prevalence was distinctive according to each definition, being from 1.6% (IDF criteria) to 5.1% (Cook et al [29] criteria). These findings are consistent with previous studies that showed how the prevalence was from 1.7% (IDF [32] criteria) up to 11% (de Ferranti et al [30] criteria) [50,51,56]. In this sense, this statement was also reported by González-Jiménez et al [55] that showed how using IDF criteria in a sample of 976 Spanish children aged 10-15 years, the prevalence of MetS was 4.4% (3.85% in girls and 5.8% in boys).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this sense, this statement was also reported by González-Jiménez et al [55] that showed how using IDF criteria in a sample of 976 Spanish children aged 10-15 years, the prevalence of MetS was 4.4% (3.85% in girls and 5.8% in boys). Moreover, the Helena Study [56] also showed the variation depending on the definition. This study showed how a cohort of 3,528 adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 years from 10 European countries reported a prevalence of MetS of 2.7% and 3.5% according to IDF and NCEP-ATPIII, respectively [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the Helena Study [56] also showed the variation depending on the definition. This study showed how a cohort of 3,528 adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 years from 10 European countries reported a prevalence of MetS of 2.7% and 3.5% according to IDF and NCEP-ATPIII, respectively [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Sustainable Approach to the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Its Economic Burden

Álvarez

Aparicio-Martínez

Pozo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The prevalence of obesity continues to grow, resulting in metabolic syndrome and increasing economic burden for health systems. The objectives were to measure the ability of the NIM-MetS test, previously used in the adults, for the early and sustainable detection of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents. Moreover, to determine the economic burden of the children with MetS. Furthermore, finally, to use and implement the NIM-MetS test, via a self-created online software, as a new method to determine the risk of MetS in children. The method used was an observational study using different instruments (NIM-MetS test, International Diabetes Federation (IDF), or Cook) and measures (body mass index). Additionally, the economic burden was estimated via a research strategy in different databases, e.g., PubMed, to identify previous papers. The results (N = 265 children, age from 10–12) showed that 23.1% had obesity and 7.2% hypertension. The prevalence of MetS using the NIM-Mets was 5.7, and the cost of these children was approximate 618,253,99 euros. Finally, a model was obtained and later implemented in a web platform via simulation. The NIM-MetS obtained is a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of risk of MetS in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Sustainable Approach to the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Its Economic Burden

Álvarez

Aparicio-Martínez

Pozo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…In this study, the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in girls compared to boys, which is in contrast to previous studies in which American [25], Iranian [26] and Chinese [27] children were evaluated. These differences could perhaps be explained by the use of different criteria to define the MetS [28,29]. In any case, further studies are needed to explore the possible conditioning factors of these sex-based differences among the pediatric population in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waist circumference shows the highest predictive value for metabolic syndrome, and waist-to-hip ratio for its components, in Spanish adolescents

et al. 2017

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Both waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) have been proposed as predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents, but no consensus has been reached to date. This study hypothesizes that WC provides a greater predictive value for MetS in Spanish adolescents than WHR. A cross-sectional study was performed on 1001 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from schools in southeast Spain. Anthropometric measures were correlated with the components of MetS (triglycerides, glucose, blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) as well as inflammation markers (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha , C-reactive protein, and ceruloplasmin). Receiver-operator curves were created to determine the predictive value of these variables for MetS. Boys had higher values of all anthropometric parameters compared with girls, but the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in girls. WHR was the only parameter that correlated significantly with all biochemical and inflammatory variables in boys. In girls, WHR, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, WC, and body fat percentage correlated only with plasma insulin levels, systolic and diastolic pressures, and ceruloplasmin. In both groups, all anthropometric measures were able to predict MetS (area under the curve > 0.94). In particular, WC was able to predict MetS with area under the curve = 1.00. However, WHR was able to predict a higher number of components of MetS. WHR was the anthropometric index that showed the highest predictive value for MetS components, whereas WC was the one that best predicted the MetS among the population of adolescents studied. These findings justify the need to incorporate WHR and WC determinations into daily clinical practice to predict the MetS.

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“…A consensus definition for MetS in children and adolescents has not yet been developed. There are currently at least 40 unique definitions of MetS for this age group [ 9 ], and the prevalence of MetS varies depending on the definition used [ 32 ]. Weiss and colleagues [ 33 ] argued that the environment plays a major role in the development of MetS, in particular the typical Western diet, which has now been adopted globally due to palatability and price.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between metabolic syndrome components and markers of inflammation in Welsh school children

et al. 2017

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We investigated the multivariate dimensionality and strength of the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammation in children. Caucasian school children (N = 229; 12–14 years) from Wales were tested on several health indicators including measures of body composition, inflammation, fasting glucose regulation, blood pressure, and lipids. The multivariate association between MetS and inflammation was investigated via canonical correlation analysis. Data were corrected for non-normality by log transformation, and sex-specific z-scores computed for variables where there was a significant sex difference. Structure r’s were interpreted to determine the dimensions of MetS and inflammation responsible for significant canonical variates. The overall multivariate association between MetS and inflammation was significant (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.54, p < 0.001). The relationship was explained primarily by the waist circumference dimension of MetS (CC = 0.87) and inflammatory markers of fibrinogen (CC = 0.52) and C-reactive protein (CC = 0.50). The pattern of results was similar regardless of whether variables were adjusted for sex differences. Conclusion: Central adiposity is the strongest predictor of the inflammatory aspect of cardiovascular disease risk in Caucasian adolescents. Future research into MetS and cardiometabolic risk should consider multivariate statistical approaches, in order to identify the separate contributions of each dimension in interrelationships and to identify which dimensions are influenced by preventive interventions. What is Known: • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Markers of inflammation are also potential predictors of later development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. • The contribution of individual markers in interrelationships between MetS and inflammation is unknown. What is New: • We uniquely demonstrate that within a multivariate model, waist circumference is the primary link between MetS variables and markers of inflammation in children. • Waist circumference may therefore be a useful population-level screening tool to identify future risk of CVD.

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Comparison of definitions for the metabolic syndrome in adolescents. The HELENA study

Cited by 57 publications

References 36 publications

A Sustainable Approach to the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Its Economic Burden

A Sustainable Approach to the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Its Economic Burden

Waist circumference shows the highest predictive value for metabolic syndrome, and waist-to-hip ratio for its components, in Spanish adolescents

Associations between metabolic syndrome components and markers of inflammation in Welsh school children

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