Comparison of Dentinal Tubular Penetration of Three Bioceramic Sealers

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of endodontic treatment is to remove microorganisms from the root canal space and prevents reinfection. Deep penetration of the dentinal tubule is advantageous because it increases the contact area between the root canal filling material and dentin, thereby increasing the sealing quality of the entire root canal system. Bioceramic sealers are biocompatible, nontoxic, non-shrinking, hydrophilic, and stable, do not expand during setting, and can form hydroxyapatite, which then forms chemical bonds with dentin to compare the abilities of three types of bioceramic-based sealers to penetrate the dentinal tubules.Methods: Obturation used three types of bioceramic sealers. Group 1 (calcium phosphate silicate), Group 2 (a mixture of tricalcium silicate and resin), and Group 3 (pure tricalcium silicate) were observed using a scanning electron microscope and measurement of the penetration distance with ImageJ.Results: The bioceramic sealers had statistically significant differences in penetration distance into dentinal tubules (p’s<0.001). The mean penetration value of Group 1 (calcium phosphate silicate) was 115.99 μm, Group 2 (a mixture of tricalcium silicate and resin) was 209.28 μm, and Group 3 (pure tricalcium silicate) was 84.07 μm.Conclusion: Although all three bioceramic sealers penetrated the dentinal tubules, they exhibited differences in their penetration capabilities. Group 2 had the deepest penetration, likely due to the resin content.

Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Dentinal Tubule Penetration—A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

“…From there, 274 records were excluded upon screening the title and abstract. The 12 resulting articles were evaluated by reading their full text, and all 12 of them were considered as eligible for qualitative synthesis after full-text evaluation: [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] ( Figure 1 ). No additional studies were found upon the manual reference searching of eligible studies.…”

“…One of the included studies [ 37 ] ultrasonically activated the sealers inside the root canals. All studies mixed the sealers with a fluorescent dye to allow visualization of the sealer penetration in the dental canals except one study [ 42 ] which did not mix the sealer with any dye. After root canal filling, all samples in all studies were stored in 100% humidity for 3–14 days and were later sectioned horizontally in different distances away from the apex to obtain samples from the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of the root.…”

“…After root canal filling, all samples in all studies were stored in 100% humidity for 3–14 days and were later sectioned horizontally in different distances away from the apex to obtain samples from the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of the root. The sealer penetration assessment method was observed by using Confocal laser scanning Microscope (CLSM) by 10 studies, while Alim et al [ 38 ] and Marissa et al [ 42 ] used Cytation 5 Cell Imaging Multimode Reader and Gen5 software, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.…”

<strong>The effect of oligosaccharide chitosan irrigating agent on penetration of two type endodontic sealers into the dentinal tubules: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study</strong>

“…Bioceramic sealer contains calcium phosphate silicate that has very small particles (<1 m) that is hydrophilic and this sealer can enter the lateral root canals and has and size of dentinal tubules, and the anatomy of the root canal system. 23 These factors also affect differences in the results of the penetration of each irrigating material of the bioceramic sealer and AH Plus sealer. Irrigation material should meet several requirements to become an ideal irrigation material, because this research is limited to knowing the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide irrigant on the penetration of root canal sealers, it is necessary to do further research such as evaluating the antibacterial effect of chitosan oligosaccharide irrigant on bacteria of the root canal, and examining the cleanliness of the dentin surface of the root canal after irrigation with oligosaccharide chitosan.…”

In Vitro Microleakage Evaluation of Bioceramic and Zinc-Eugenol Sealers with Two Obturation Techniques

“…Indeed, it has been shown that these materials can even promote bone regeneration [54] when accidentally extruded through the apical foramen during root canal filling procedures [55,56]. These materials have also the ability to establish a micromechanical retention by tag sealer penetration in dentinal tubules [57]. In the present study, the scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed a visible penetration of the bioceramic root canal sealer into the dentinal tubules: this behavior may help establishing a stronger physical barrier, improving retention of the root filling, entombing possible residual bacteria into dentinal tubules and, probably, enhancing the ultimate quality of the apical seal [35].…”