Comparison of descending volleys evoked by transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation in conscious humans

Lazzaro, Vincenzo Di; Oliviero, Antonio; Profice, Paolo; Saturno, E.; Pilato, Fabio; Insola, Angelo; Mazzone, Paolo; Tonali, P.; Rothwell, John C.

doi:10.1016/s0924-980x(98)00038-1

Cited by 424 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…respectively (Di Lazzaro et al, 1998). D-waves have a shorter latency then I-waves and are produced when the cortical neurones are activated directly, within a few millimetres of the cell body.…”

Section: 2: Techniques Used To Assess Corticospinal Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At active motor threshold, defined as the minimum stimulus intensity that produces a MEP, 50% of the time during isometric contractions of a tested muscle at a pre-determined contraction intensity, TMS has been found to produce I-waves only. As the stimulator level is increased, the magnetic impulse begins to activate the cortical neurones directly (Di Lazzaro et al 1998). These D-waves and I-waves all induce postsynaptic potentials which summate at the motoneurone (Palmer & Ashby, 1992).…”

Section: 2: Techniques Used To Assess Corticospinal Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TES uses two electrodes that are placed on the vertex of the skull (anode), and seven cm lateral to the vertex (cathode) (Burke et al 1992). This method is thought to activate the corticospinal fibers directly, within a few millimeters of the cell body (D-wave) and is therefore unaffected by cortical excitability (Di Lazzaro et al 1998). This method seems to be reliable at very low stimulator intensities (at threshold) as it produces solely D-waves.…”

Section: 2: Techniques Used To Assess Corticospinal Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic resistance training enhances the spinal excitability of the biceps brachii in the non-dominant arm at moderate contraction intensities

Philpott

Pearcey

Forman

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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The objective of this thesis was to examine how chronic resistance training influences corticospinal excitability (CE) of the Biceps Brachii in the non-dominant arm. Seven chronic resistance trained (RT) and six non-resistance trained (NRT) completed four sets of five s pseudo-randomized contractions at 100,90,75,50 and 25% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During the contractions, participants received transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transmastoid electrical stimulation (TMES) and peripheral nerve stimulation to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEP), cervicomedullary evoked potentials (CMEP) and maximal muscle compound action potentials (Mmax) respectively. All MEPs and CMEPs were normalized to Mmax. CMEPs were found to be significantly higher at moderate contraction intensities in the RT group. Results indicate that spinal, but not supraspinal excitability is enhanced at moderate contraction intensities in chronic resistance trained individuals.ii

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Section: 2: Techniques Used To Assess Corticospinal Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2: Techniques Used To Assess Corticospinal Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2: Techniques Used To Assess Corticospinal Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chronic resistance training enhances the spinal excitability of the biceps brachii in the non-dominant arm at moderate contraction intensities

Philpott

Pearcey

Forman

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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“…The coil was held tangentially to the skull over the left primary motor cortex (M1) with the handle pointing posterolaterally at a 451 angle to the sagittal plane. This orientation of the induced electrical field is thought to be optimal for a predominantly transsynaptic mode of activation of the corticospinal system (Di Lazzaro et al, 1998). At the beginning of each session, the optimal position of the TMS coil over the left M1 for eliciting MEP in the resting hand muscle was assessed.…”

Section: Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Hypoexcitability in Chronic Smokers? A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Lang

Hasan

Sueske

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Studies in animal models and humans indicate that chronic nicotine intake influences neuronal excitability, resulting in functional and structural CNS changes. The aim of the present study was to explore human primary motor cortex (M1) excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in chronic smokers. A total of 44 right-handed volunteers, aged 20-30 years, participated in the study. Chronic smokers were compared with age-and sex-matched healthy nonsmokers. We tested cortical excitability with single-and pairedpulse TMS to the left M1 and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) by combining median nerve stimulation and motor cortex TMS. Compared with nonsmoking controls, chronic smokers showed a significantly larger amount of SAI, which is thought to depend upon the activity of cholinergic inhibitory circuits produced by somatosensory inputs. Moreover, TMS-evoked inhibitory cortical silent periods were prolonged, whereas paired-pulse intracortical facilitation and motor-evoked potentials during moderate contraction were reduced. The results suggest that chronic nicotine intake may not only strengthen cholinergic inhibitory circuits, but could also be associated with enhanced inhibitory and reduced facilitatory mechanism of specific neuronal circuits in motor cortex. These changes may form a physiological basis for neurobiological and behavioral variations associated with chronic smoking.

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“…Indeed, TMS is the only technique that allows one to evaluate the corticospinal pathway functionality in the intact human, from the cortex to the target muscles of the contralateral hemibody [1], and is widely used both in motor control research and in patients with neurological disorders ( [36,37] for recent reviews). The technique is based on a brief magnetic pulse which is delivered to the scalp through a coil, and currents induced in the brain may produce excitation or inhibition of superficial cortical neurons [21]: for example, single-pulse TMS applied on the scalp overlying M1 elicits contralateral muscle twitches (called motor evoked potentials, or MEPs), that reflect physiological properties of the corticospinal drive during voluntary [31,13,44] or even imagined [40] motor commands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact forces evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in a multi-finger grasp

Baud-Bovy

Prattichizzo

Rossi

2008

Brain Research Bulletin

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a tool of choice to study the functionality of the corticospinal pathway. In this study, we used single-pulse TMS at different intensities and during different levels of grasping force, to stimulate the hand area of the left primary motor cortex (M1). We measured, the TMS-evoked forces, or motor evoked forces (MEFs) in a multi-fingered three-point grasp in addition of the conventional motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the right forearm and intrinsic hand muscles. This paper aims at presenting the viability of this innovative approach and some preliminary results. The timing (i.e., latencies and peak times), amplitudes and directions of the MEF were analyzed. We found that the TMS evoked synergistic increases of the force magnitudes, akin to those observed when participants voluntarily increased the grip force. The MEF sizes and MEP amplitudes increased with TMS intensity in most cases. The grip force (which measures the overall force involved in the grasp) and the net force (which measures the net effect of all contact forces exerted on the object) seem to be differently affected by single TMS pulses of the motor cortex.

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Comparison of descending volleys evoked by transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation in conscious humans

Cited by 424 publications

References 18 publications

Chronic resistance training enhances the spinal excitability of the biceps brachii in the non-dominant arm at moderate contraction intensities

Chronic resistance training enhances the spinal excitability of the biceps brachii in the non-dominant arm at moderate contraction intensities

Cortical Hypoexcitability in Chronic Smokers? A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Contact forces evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in a multi-finger grasp

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