Comparison of design characteristics and toxicant emissions from Vuse Solo and Alto electronic nicotine delivery systems

Talih, Soha; Karaoghlanian, Nareg; Salman, Rola; Fallah, Sacha; Helal, Alissa; El-Hage, Rachel; Saliba, Najat A.; Breland, Alison; Eissenberg, Thomas; Shihadeh, Alan

doi:10.1136/tc-2022-057711

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Independent of nicotine yield, the WA from Vuse Alto ENDS contained these four carbonyl compounds at LOD and LOQ levels, or at significantly lower levels than what is found in WA cigarette aerosol when detectable. Others have reported lower levels of carbonyls for Vuse Alto ENDS when compared to a combustible cigarette; however, only the 5% rich tobacco was used for these assessments [ 49 ]. Formaldehyde is an established HPHC in cigarette smoke and is identified as a respiratory irritant and carcinogen [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products

Keyser,

Leverette,

Wertman

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity is an important component of tobacco product toxicological evaluations. However, current methods of regulatory testing involve exposing monolayer cell cultures to various preparations of aerosols from cigarettes or other emerging products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which are not representative of human exposure. In the present study, a whole aerosol (WA) system was used to expose lung epithelial cultures (2D and 3D) to determine the potential of six Vuse Alto ENDS products that varied in nicotine content (1.8%, 2.4%, and 5%) and flavors (Golden Tobacco, Rich Tobacco, Menthol, and Mixed Berry), along with a marketed ENDS and a marked cigarette comparator to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The WA from the Vuse Alto ENDS products was not cytotoxic in the NRU and MTT assays, nor did it activate the Nrf2 reporter gene, a marker of oxidative stress. In summary, Vuse Alto ENDS products did not induce cytotoxic or oxidative stress responses in the in vitro models. The WA exposures used in the 3D in vitro models described herein may be better suited than 2D models for the determination of cytotoxicity and other in vitro functional endpoints and represent alternative models for regulatory evaluation of tobacco products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products

Keyser,

Leverette,

Wertman

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…JUUL ENDS limits puff duration to 5.9 s in devices available in the United States and the United Kingdom (Talih et al, 2020). Moreover, the Vuse Solo ENDS available in the United States limits puff duration to 3.7 s, while the Vuse Alto ENDS available in the United States limits puff duration to 4.9 s (Talih et al, 2023). Thus, the technology exists to regulate ENDS nicotine dose on a per puff basis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) nicotine dose by controlling nicotine flux at a limited puff duration.

Patev,

Combs,

Gaitan

et al. 2024

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Nicotine flux, the rate of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) nicotine emission, is important in determining ENDS abuse liability. However, flux does not account for user behavior, including puff duration. Along with nicotine flux, puff duration limits the dose of nicotine that can be inhaled. Controlling both flux and puff duration allows regulators to constrain nicotine dose effectively. This study examined the effects of differing ENDS nicotine fluxes (by manipulating liquid nicotine concentration and holding device power constant), with user puff duration limited to 2 s. Participants (N = 32) completed four sessions, each session differing by nicotine flux (no flux, low flux, cigarettelike flux, and high flux conditions). Participants completed two ENDS use bouts in each session while puff duration was limited to 2 s. Plasma nicotine concentration, heart rate, and subjective effects were measured. At higher flux, higher plasma nicotine concentration and higher heart rate were observed. Moreover, higher fluxes decreased ratings of craving and urge to use nicotine and increased positive subjective effects, such as calmness. This study demonstrates that by manipulating nicotine flux and limiting puff duration, nicotine dose can be controlled. Subsequent research should demonstrate the effects of manipulating puff duration systematically. Results underscore the importance of targeting both flux and puff duration for ENDS regulation, intended to reduce abuse liability while maintaining the potential to facilitate transitions from cigarettes to ENDS. Public Health SignificanceElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may facilitate transitions from combustible cigarettes but also may have high enough abuse liability to lead some nicotine-naive individuals to initiate and maintain ENDS use. Limiting the dose of nicotine delivered by ENDS may reduce abuse liability while preserving effects that help people who smoke transition away from cigarettes. This study examines the effects of limiting dose by varying ENDS nicotine emission rate and controlling puff duration. Results suggest that puff duration can be controlled, demonstrate that high flux suppresses tobacco abstinence effects, and highlight the importance of targeting both flux and puff duration for ENDS regulation.

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Composition of e‐cigarette aerosols: A review and risk assessment of selected compounds

Heywood,

Abele,

Langenbach

et al. 2024

J of Applied Toxicology

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The potential harms and benefits of e‐cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), have received significant attention from public health and regulatory communities. Such products may provide a reduced risk means of nicotine delivery for combustible cigarette smokers while being inappropriately appealing to nicotine naive youth. Numerous authors have examined the chemical complexity of aerosols from various open‐ and closed‐system ENDS. This body of literature is reviewed here, with the risks of ENDS aerosol exposure among users evaluated with a margin of exposure (MoE) approach for two non‐carcinogens (methylglyoxal, butyraldehyde) and a cancer risk analysis for the carcinogen N‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN). We identified 96 relevant papers, including 17, 13, and 5 reporting data for methylglyoxal, butyraldehyde, and NNN, respectively. Using low‐end (minimum aerosol concentration, low ENDS use) and high‐end (maximum aerosol concentration, high ENDS use) assumptions, estimated doses for methylglyoxal (1.78 × 10−3–135 μg/kg‐bw/day) and butyraldehyde (1.9 × 10−4–66.54 μg/kg‐bw/day) corresponded to MoEs of 227–17,200,000 and 271–280,000,000, respectively, using identified points of departure (PoDs). Doses of 9.90 × 10−6–1.99 × 10−4 μg/kg‐bw/day NNN corresponded to 1.4–28 surplus cancers per 100,000 ENDS users, relative to a NNN‐attributable surplus of 7440 per 100,000 cigarette smokers. It was concluded that methylglyoxal and butyraldehyde in ENDS aerosols, while not innocuous, did not present a significant risk of irritant effects among ENDS users. The carcinogenic risks of NNN in ENDS aerosols were reduced, but not eliminated, relative to concentrations reported in combustible cigarette smoke.

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Comparison of design characteristics and toxicant emissions from Vuse Solo and Alto electronic nicotine delivery systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products

Constraining electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) nicotine dose by controlling nicotine flux at a limited puff duration.

Composition of e‐cigarette aerosols: A review and risk assessment of selected compounds

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