“…PEEP was evaluated again in 2015, and 2 randomized controlled trials 138,139 suggested that addition of PEEP during delivery room resuscitation of preterm newborns resulted in no improvement in mortality, no less need for cardiac drugs or chest compressions, no more rapid improvement in heart rate, no less need for intubation, no change in pulmonary air leaks, no less chronic lung disease, and no effect on Apgar scores, although the studies were underpowered to have sufficient confidence in a no-difference conclusion. However, 1 of the trials 139 provided low-quality evidence that the maximum amount of supplementary oxygen required to achieve target oxygen saturation may be slightly less when using PEEP. PPV can be delivered effectively with a flow-inflating bag, self-inflating bag, or T-piece resuscitator 138,139 (Class IIa, LOE B-R).…”