Comparison of dietary micronutrient intake in PCOS patients with and without metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. It is one of the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). These two syndromes have an inflammatory etiologic foundation along with oxidative stress. The present study aimed to compare the dietary intake of antioxidant micronutrients in PCOS women with and without MetS. Materials and methods Overall, 42 participants eligible for this nested case control study were selected by the convenience sampling method. The case group included 14 PCOS patients with MetS and the control group included 28 PCOS patients without MetS. The dietary intake assessment of selenium, chromium, zinc, carotenoids, vitamin D and vitamin E was carried out by a 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). PCOS and MetS were diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria and NCEP ATP III, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS16 software, T-test and Mann Whitney. Significant P-value was considered 0.05. Results Dietary intake of antioxidant micronutrients (selenium, zinc, chromium, carotenoids and vitamin E) was significantly lower in the PCOS women with MetS than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Since the PCOS patients without MetS had more intake of the aforementioned micronutrients than those with MetS, it is assumed that the dietary intake of these nutrients could probably have a protective effect on MetS.

Associations of Dietary and Circulating Vitamin E Level With Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…Thereafter, 6 additional studies were acquired from the reference lists for the retrieved articles. Eventually, a total of 25 studies were selected for this meta-analysis ( 17 – 41 ).…”

“…These studies were published between 2003 and 2021. Among which, 14 studies were performed in Asian countries [Korea (18,19,21,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), China (29,30,33,40), Iran (31,41) and Saudi Arabia (28)], and 4 ones were conducted in European countries [Poland (34,38), France (20) and Finland (24)]. The other 7 studies were from US (17,23,25,26,32), Brazil (22) and Nigeria (27).…”

“…The sample size ranged from 20 to 10,351 for a total number of 51,276. The dietary vitamin E level was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 5 studies (17,19,26,33,41), and 24 h or 3-day recall method in 18 studies (18,20,22,23,25,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40), and 4-day record in 1 study (24). The circulating vitamin E level was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 11 studies (17,18,20,21,23,25,27,30,32,38,39), and spectrophotometric method in 1 study (34).…”

“…A number of observational studies have examined the associations of dietary and circulating vitamin E level with MetS. However, their results are still conflicting ( 17 – 41 ). The present meta-analysis of observational studies was therefore employed to address the issues.…”

Vitamin E and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review on the Reported Clinical Trials

“…2021 [17] Nested case control study The dietary intake of the micronutrients including vitamin E could probably have a protective effect on metabolic syndrome. 2021 [18] Pilot randomized, placebocontrolled trial 8 weeks of vitamin E supplementation in women with PCOS showed positive effects on body weight, Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio, Ang-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level. Monocentral, randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial A minimum of 3 months of micronutrients supplementation including vitamin E showed benefits in women with PCOS.…”