Comparison of different levels and sources of microbial phytases

Poulsen, Hanne; Blaabjerg, K.; Feuerstein, Dieter

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.135

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…In line with previous studies (e.g. Poulsen et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2008;Blaabjerg et al, 2010b and2012a), this study showed that addition of microbial phytase to dry-fed diets enhanced ATTD of plant P to a maximum of about 65%. Phosphate is primarily absorbed in the proximal part of the small intestine (Moore and Tyler, 1955;Partridge, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The effect of microbial phytase has been extensively studied in dry-fed diets and shows that microbial phytase increases the digestibility of plant P to a maximum level of 60% to 65% (e.g. Poulsen et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2008;Blaabjerg et al, 2012a). In many cases, this means that the feed must be supplemented with some mineral phosphate to meet the pigs' requirement of digestible P. However, this leaves a potential for further improvements of the digestibility of plant P, which will be valuable for decreasing (1) the excretion of P in favor of the environment and (2) the use of mineral phosphates that are a limited global resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial phytase addition resulted in a greater increase in phosphorus digestibility in dry-fed compared with liquid-fed non-heat-treated wheat–barley–maize diets for pigs

Blaabjerg

Thomassen

Poulsen

2015

Animal

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The objective was to evaluate the effect of microbial phytase (1250 FTU/kg diet with 88% dry matter (DM)) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of phosphorus (P) in pigs fed a dry or soaked diet. Twenty-four pigs (65 ± 3 kg) from six litters were used. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and fed one of four diets for 12 days; 5 days for adaptation and 7 days for total, but separate collection of feces and urine. The basal diet was composed of wheat, barley, maize, soybean meal and no mineral phosphate. Dietary treatments were: basal dry-fed diet (BDD), BDD with microbial phytase (BDD + phy), BDD soaked for 24 h at 20°C before feeding (BDS) and BDS with microbial phytase (BDS + phy). Supplementation of microbial phytase increased ATTD of DM and crude protein (N × 6.25) by 2 and 3 percentage units (P < 0.0001; P < 0.001), respectively. The ATTD of P was affected by the interaction between microbial phytase and soaking (P = 0.02). This was due to a greater increase in ATTD of P by soaking of the diet containing solely plant phytase compared with the diet supplemented with microbial phytase: 35%, 65%, 44% and 68% for BDD, BDD + phy, BSD and BSD + phy, respectively. As such, supplementation of microbial phytase increased ATTD of P in the dry-fed diet, but not in the soaked diet. The higher ATTD of P for BDS compared with BDD resulted from the degradation of 54% of the phytate in BDS by wheat and barley phytases during soaking. On the other hand, soaking of BDS + phy did not increase ATTD of P significantly compared with BDD + phy despite that 76% of the phytate in BDS + phy was degraded before feeding. In conclusion, soaking of BDS containing solely plant phytase provided a great potential for increasing ATTD of P. However, this potential was not present when microbial phytase (1250 FTU/kg diet) was supplemented, most likely because soaking of BDS + phy for 24 h at 20°C did not result in a complete degradation of phytate before feeding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial phytase addition resulted in a greater increase in phosphorus digestibility in dry-fed compared with liquid-fed non-heat-treated wheat–barley–maize diets for pigs

Blaabjerg

Thomassen

Poulsen

2015

Animal

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“…Microbial phytase can be added to diets to increase availability of phytate bound P. The most common microbial phytase used in swine and poultry diets are from fungi (Aspergillus niger and Peniophora lycii) and bacteria (Escherichia coli) [22]. The activity of phytase depends mainly on pH, temperature, dose, and diet composition [24][25][26][27]. Phytase supplementation has mostly been studied in monogastric animals, and improvement of the P digestibility has been observed in Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization Kebreab, Hansen and Strathe 873 [33,34] poultry [21,28 ] and swine [22,29].…”

Section: Use Of Enzymes In Animal Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization: from optimized feed to high efficiency livestock

Kebreab

Hansen

Strathe

2012

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for livestock but its efficiency of utilization is below 40%, contributing to environmental issues. In this review, we summarize recent approaches to optimize P availability in livestock diets and improve its utilization efficiency. Phase feeding could potentially reduce P excretion by 20%. Addition of phytase enzymes to diets increased P availability from 42 to 95%. Low phytate transgenic plants and transgenic animals increased P availability by 14% and 52-99%, respectively. In practice, a combination of phase feeding and enzymes has the highest potential for P reduction but legislation and ethics implications will prevent using transgenic animals in the short term. Functional and nutritional genomics may provide tools to improve efficiency in the future.

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“…Addition of microbial phytase to dry fed wheat/barley-based diets (heat-treated or not) for growing-finishing pigs only increases ATTD of plant P to a maximum of 60% to 65% (e.g. Nä si and Helander, 1994;Poulsen et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2008). Liquid feeding systems may, however, result in further improvements in ATTD of plant P compared with traditional dry feeding systems, because these systems may function as a kind of 'pre-digestion' before feeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-treatment, phytase and fermented liquid feeding affect the presence of inositol phosphates in ileal digesta and phosphorus digestibility in pigs fed a wheat and barley diet

Blaabjerg

Jørgensen

Tauson

et al. 2010

Animal

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The aim was to evaluate the effect of heat-treatment, microbial phytase addition and feeding strategy (dry feeding v. fermented liquid feeding) on degradation of phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP 6 ) and formation and further degradation of lower inositol phosphates (myo-inositol pentakisphosphate-myo-inositol bisphosphate, InsP 5 -InsP 2 ) at the distal ileum of pigs. Furthermore, the apparent ileal digestibility/degradability (AID) of phosphorus (P), InsP 6 -P and calcium (Ca) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P and Ca were studied. Pigs were fitted with a T-shaped ileal cannula for total collection of digesta at 2 h intervals during an 8 h sampling period after feeding the morning meal. Each period lasted for 2 weeks: 8 days of adaptation followed by 3 days of total collection of faeces and 3 days of total collection of ileal digesta. The experiment was designed as a 4 3 4 Latin square with four pigs fed four diets. A basal wheat/barley-based diet was fed either as nonheat-treated or heat-treated (steam-pelleted at 908C). The heat-treatment resulted in an inactivation of plant phytase below detectable level. Diet 1 (non-heat-treated basal diet fed dry); diet 2 (heat-treated basal diet fed dry); diet 3 (as diet 2 but with microbial phytase (750 FTU/kg as fed) fed dry); diet 4 (as diet 3 fed liquid (fermented for 17.5 h nighttime and 6.5 h daytime at 208C with 50% residue in the tank)). Chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) was included as marker and ATTD was determined both by total collection of faeces (ATTD Total ) and Cr 2 O 3 (ATTD Cr ). InsP 6 was completely degraded in diet 4 before feeding resulting in no InsP 6 -P being present in ileal digesta. InsP 6 -P concentration in ileal digesta decreased with increasing dietary levels of plant or microbial phytase in pigs fed the dry diets. Consequently, AID and ATTD of P and Ca were greatest for pigs fed diet 4 followed by diets 3, 1 and 2. The ATTD of P depended on the used method as ATTD Total of P was 72%, 61%, 44% and 34%, whereas ATTD Cr of P was 65%, 52%, 38% and 23% for diets 4, 3, 1 and 2, respectively. In all pigs the ileal concentration of InsP 5 -InsP 2 -P was extremely small, and thus unimportant for maximisation of ATTD of plant P. In conclusion, fermented liquid feeding with microbial phytase seems to be an efficient approach to improve ATTD of plant P compared with dry feeding. This opens up for further reductions in P excretion.

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Comparison of different levels and sources of microbial phytases

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Microbial phytase addition resulted in a greater increase in phosphorus digestibility in dry-fed compared with liquid-fed non-heat-treated wheat–barley–maize diets for pigs

Microbial phytase addition resulted in a greater increase in phosphorus digestibility in dry-fed compared with liquid-fed non-heat-treated wheat–barley–maize diets for pigs

Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization: from optimized feed to high efficiency livestock

Heat-treatment, phytase and fermented liquid feeding affect the presence of inositol phosphates in ileal digesta and phosphorus digestibility in pigs fed a wheat and barley diet

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