“…The results also indicate that the highest value of decreasing of oil extraction yield (25.65%) was found for 250 °C extraction temperature. This was may be due to that with higher temperature, the oil exit from the cell easy 17 . Figure 5 Effect of extraction screw speed and temperature on oil extraction yield castor.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…The gas chromatography (GC) test is a technique used to measure the fatty acid composition in an oil sample which allows separation of mixtures based on their boiling point 17 . The fatty acid composition was determined by the transmethylation of the fatty chains to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) according to the modified method by 18 .…”
Energy scarcity and conventional energy problems are the main reason of finding a renewable source of energy which is cheap and environmental friendly, therefore, biodiesel production is one of the most promising solutions of this problem. Also, Egyptian castor is one of the most important crops for oil production compared with other commonly used oil crops. The main aim of this study is to enhance the production of bio-oil from Egyptian castor seeds by using microwave and ultrasonic as pre-treatments. To achieve that, the effects of extraction screw speed (20, 40 and 60 rpm) and temperature (100, 150, 200 and 250 °C) on oil extraction yield and quality, extraction energy requirements and extraction time and were studied. Also, the effect of pretreatment conditions of microwave at three levels of power (Low, Med and High) and different times (1, 2 and 3 min) and pretreatment condition ultrasonic with different temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) and different times (15, 30 and 45 min) for castor seeds before extraction with the optimum condition of the screw press on oil extraction yield from castor seeds, extraction energy, extraction time and quality of the oil extracted. The results indicate that the optimum conditions oil extraction by screw press were 200 °C extraction temperature and 60 rpm screw speed. It could be seen that the extraction oil yield, extraction energy requirements and extraction time were 35.59%, 18.68 and 1.86 min, respectively. Microwave pretreatments had better on oil yield and energy required for extraction compared to ultrasonic pretreatments, where, microwave pretreatments recorded high oil yield and lower energy requirements compared to the ultrasonic pretreatments. Oil yield ranged from 32.67 to 37.41% compared to 13.29 to 39.83% in literature. The time required for extraction was ranged from 1.77 to 2.00 and 1.79 to 2.21 min for microwave and ultrasonic pretreatments, respectively. The pretreatment improved properties of the extracted oil.
“…The results also indicate that the highest value of decreasing of oil extraction yield (25.65%) was found for 250 °C extraction temperature. This was may be due to that with higher temperature, the oil exit from the cell easy 17 . Figure 5 Effect of extraction screw speed and temperature on oil extraction yield castor.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…The gas chromatography (GC) test is a technique used to measure the fatty acid composition in an oil sample which allows separation of mixtures based on their boiling point 17 . The fatty acid composition was determined by the transmethylation of the fatty chains to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) according to the modified method by 18 .…”
Energy scarcity and conventional energy problems are the main reason of finding a renewable source of energy which is cheap and environmental friendly, therefore, biodiesel production is one of the most promising solutions of this problem. Also, Egyptian castor is one of the most important crops for oil production compared with other commonly used oil crops. The main aim of this study is to enhance the production of bio-oil from Egyptian castor seeds by using microwave and ultrasonic as pre-treatments. To achieve that, the effects of extraction screw speed (20, 40 and 60 rpm) and temperature (100, 150, 200 and 250 °C) on oil extraction yield and quality, extraction energy requirements and extraction time and were studied. Also, the effect of pretreatment conditions of microwave at three levels of power (Low, Med and High) and different times (1, 2 and 3 min) and pretreatment condition ultrasonic with different temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) and different times (15, 30 and 45 min) for castor seeds before extraction with the optimum condition of the screw press on oil extraction yield from castor seeds, extraction energy, extraction time and quality of the oil extracted. The results indicate that the optimum conditions oil extraction by screw press were 200 °C extraction temperature and 60 rpm screw speed. It could be seen that the extraction oil yield, extraction energy requirements and extraction time were 35.59%, 18.68 and 1.86 min, respectively. Microwave pretreatments had better on oil yield and energy required for extraction compared to ultrasonic pretreatments, where, microwave pretreatments recorded high oil yield and lower energy requirements compared to the ultrasonic pretreatments. Oil yield ranged from 32.67 to 37.41% compared to 13.29 to 39.83% in literature. The time required for extraction was ranged from 1.77 to 2.00 and 1.79 to 2.21 min for microwave and ultrasonic pretreatments, respectively. The pretreatment improved properties of the extracted oil.
“…As shown in the figure (12), at low engine load, the HC emission decrease and increase with the increase in the engine load. This is often because of the presence of the fuel-rich mixture and the lack of oxygen resulting from the engine operation.…”
Section: Hc Emissionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Figure (5) pointed out the Variant of specific fuel consumption at several loads for the WCO biodiesel blends (B10, B15, and B20) and diesel oil. the specific fuel consumption decreases with a rise in load because of an increase in fuel consumption[4][5][12]. B15 is that the best blend comparing with the other proportions due to most investigators agree that a small increase in the biodiesel fuel is required by the engine to achieve the identical output power as a compensation for the lower calorific value of the biodiesel.…”
Background: The world depends almost on fossil fuels. This leads to depletion of oil and an increase in environmental pollution. Therefore, the researchers search to find alternative fuels. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was selected as feedstock for biodiesel production to eliminates the pollution problems. The agricultural waste is very big and without cost, this leads to the use of the rice straw in preparing a catalyst for biodiesel production. Results: The reusability of the acidic catalyst confirmed that the conversion efficiency was high until after 8 cycles of the production. The highest conversion efficiency of the converting WCO extended to 90.38% with 92.5% maximum mass yield and methyl ester content 97.7% wt. at the optimized conditions. The result was indicating that B15 is the best blend for thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. All emission concentrations decrease with increasing the engine load, especially for B15 fuels compared to the diesel oil.Conclusion: The novelty of this paper is assessing the methyl esters from the local WCO as an alternative fuel for diesel engines using a heterogeneous catalyst based on the agricultural waste. The performance of the diesel engines and its exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated with the produced biodiesel of WCO as a blend (B10, B15, and B20) compared to the diesel.
“…Ibrahim et al, 2020).The results also indicate that the Ricinoleic acid, Saponification Number, acid value and Molecular weight (MW) of oil were 86.87%, 179.2, 1.54% and 943.72, respectively, at 200 °C extraction temperature and 30 rpm screw speed.Low saponification value implies high molecular weight and high saponification value indicates low molecular weight of the triglyceride high saponification value indicates low molecular weight of the triglyceride. Low saponification value in oil samples proposes their non-suitability for industrial use, hence the high saponification value of castor oil confirms its useful application for the manufacture of soaps and other cosmetic products(Attia et al, 2021 andYeboah et al, 2021).…”
Energy scarcity and conventional energy problems are the main reason of finding a renewable source of energy which is cheap and environmental friendly, therefore, biodiesel production is one of the most promising solutions of this problem. Also, Egyptian castor is one of the most important crops for oil yield production compared with other commonly used oil crops. The main aim of this study is to enhance the production of bio-oil from Egyptian castor seeds by extraction screw speed and temperature. To achieve that, the effects of extraction screw speed (30, 60 and 90 rpm) and temperature (120, 140, 160 and 200 °C) on oil extraction yield from castor seeds, extraction energy and extraction time were studied. The results indicate that, the highest value of decreasing of oil extraction yield (40.85 %) was found for 200 °C extraction temperature. The extraction energy decreased from 40.1 to 14.9, 42.0 to 15.2, 43.1 to 15.7 and 46.7 to 16.0 W.h when the screw speed increased from 30 to 90 rpm, respectively, for 120, 140, 160 and 200 °C. The highest value of extraction time (5.45 min) was found of 200 °C extraction temperature and 30 rpm screw speed, while, the lowest value of extraction time (1.52 min) was found of 120 °C extraction temperature and 90 rpm screw speed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
