Comparison of different methods of obtaining a resilient organic matter fraction in Alpine soils

Favilli, Filippo; Egli, Markus; Cherubini, Paolo; Sartori, Giacomo; Haeberli, Wilfried; Delbos, Evelyne

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.002

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Such an old carbon effect might originate from the input of stable and old refractory organic matter present in Alpine podzols Egli et al, 2009). A relatively old 14 C date of macrorests was found for the beginning of the record (ca 14315 BC at 119 cm), confirming the age of the earliest formation of Pleistocene/Holocene -age Alpine soils (Favilli et al, 2008). Although there is no evidence for any discontinuity in the sedimentary record, some interruption in sedimentation (or lag time) may have occurred during subsequent cold climate reversals (e.g., Younger Dryas ca 12000 years ago; Muscheler et al, 2008).…”

Section: Meidsee Age Modelmentioning

confidence: 72%

(Pre-) historic changes in natural and anthropogenic heavy metals deposition inferred from two contrasting Swiss Alpine lakes

Thevenon

Guédron

Chiaradia

et al. 2011

Quaternary Science Reviews

112

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a b s t r a c tContinuous high-resolution sedimentary record of heavy metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg)), from lakes Lucerne and Meidsee (Switzerland), provides pollutant deposition history from two contrasting Alpine environments over the last millennia. The distribution of conservative elements (thorium (Th), scandium (Sc) and titanium (Ti)) shows that in absence of human disturbances, the trace element input is primarily controlled by weathering processes (i.e., runoff and erosion). Nonetheless, the enrichment factor (EF) of Pb and Hg (that are measured by independent methods), and the Pb isotopic composition of sediments from the remote lake Meidsee (which are proportionally more enriched in anthropogenic heavy metals), likely detect early mining activities during the Bronze Age. Meanwhile, the deposition of trace elements remains close to the range of natural variations until the strong impact of Roman activities on atmospheric metal emissions. Both sites display simultaneous increases in anthropogenic trace metal deposition during the Greek and Roman Empires (ca 300 BC to AD 400), the Late Middle Ages (ca AD 1400), and the Early Modern Europe (after ca AD 1600). However, the greatest increases in anthropogenic metal pollution are evidenced after the industrial revolution of ca AD 1850, at low and high altitudes. During the twentieth century, industrial releases multiplied by ca 10 times heavy metal fluxes to hydrological systems located on both sides of the Alps. During the last decades, the recent growing contribution of low radiogenic Pb further highlights the contribution of industrial sources with respect to wood and coal burning emissions.

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Section: Meidsee Age Modelmentioning

confidence: 72%

(Pre-) historic changes in natural and anthropogenic heavy metals deposition inferred from two contrasting Swiss Alpine lakes

Thevenon

Guédron

Chiaradia

et al. 2011

Quaternary Science Reviews

112

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“…2) by NaOCl oxidation indicate that NaOCl oxidation is not effective in removing all young SOC from soils. Based on SOC recovery efficiency and 14 C ages, Favilli et al (2008) reported that NaOCl is a weak reagent to oxidize all labile OM in soil. On the contrary, the Na 2 S 2 O 8 and H 2 O 2 resistant residues were depleted of 14 C activity as revealed by the negative values of D 14 C ( Table 4), indicating that these chemicals are more efficient in isolating a refractory SOC fraction enriched with aliphatic C functional groups.…”

Section: Isotopic Analyses Of Soc Before and After Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, several studies (e.g. Bruun et al 2007;Helfrich et al 2007;Favilli et al 2008) which compared the oxidation efficiency of different chemicals in similar soil types and land uses have produced contradictory results. Bruun et al (2007) oxidized soil samples (0-7.5 cm) from a similar soil incubated with 14 C-labelled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for 40 years and 40 days (1 June to 11 July, 2005) and found that both Na 2 S 2 O 8 and NaOCl are unlikely to isolate a stable OC fraction as they consistently removed more 40-years-old C than 40-days-old C. Helfrich et al (2007) indicated that, among the several chemical methods tested, Na 2 S 2 O 8 and H 2 O 2 were the most efficient in isolating a refractory fraction of SOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bruun et al (2007) oxidized soil samples (0-7.5 cm) from a similar soil incubated with 14 C-labelled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for 40 years and 40 days (1 June to 11 July, 2005) and found that both Na 2 S 2 O 8 and NaOCl are unlikely to isolate a stable OC fraction as they consistently removed more 40-years-old C than 40-days-old C. Helfrich et al (2007) indicated that, among the several chemical methods tested, Na 2 S 2 O 8 and H 2 O 2 were the most efficient in isolating a refractory fraction of SOC. According to Favilli et al (2008), H 2 O 2 was superior to NaOCl in isolating the oldest and most refractory SOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of structural chemistry and isotopic signatures of refractory soil organic carbon fraction isolated by wet oxidation methods

et al. 2009

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Accurate quantification of different soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions is needed to understand their relative importance in the global C cycle. Among the chemical methods of SOC fractionation, oxidative degradation is considered more promising because of its ability to mimic the natural microbial oxidative processes in soil. This study focuses on detailed understanding of changes in structural chemistry and isotopic signatures of SOC upon different oxidative treatments for assessing the ability of these chemicals to selectively isolate a refractory fraction of SOC. Replicated sampling (to similar to 1 m depth) of pedons classified as Typic Fragiudalf was conducted under four land uses (woodlot, grassland, no-till and conventional-till continuous corn [Zea mays L.]) at Wooster, OH. Soil samples (< 2 mm) were treated with three oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), disodium peroxodisulfate (Na2S2O8) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)). Oxidation resistant residues and the bulk soil from A1/Ap1 horizons of each land use were further analyzed by solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and accelerator mass spectrometry to determine structural chemistry and C-14 activity, respectively. Results indicated that, oxidation with NaOCl removed significantly less SOC compared to Na2S2O8 and H₂O₂. The NMR spectra revealed that NaOCl oxidation preferentially removed lignin-derived compounds at 56 ppm and at 110-160 ppm. On the other hand, the SOC resistant to Na2S2O8 and H₂O₂ oxidation were enriched with alkyl C groups, which dominate in recalcitrant macromolecules. This finding was corroborated by the C-14 activity of residual material, which ranged from -542 to -259aEuro degrees for Na2S2O8 resistant SOC and -475 to -182aEuro degrees for H₂O₂ resistant SOC as compared to relatively greater C-14 activity of NaOCl resistant residues (-47 to 61aEuro degrees). Additionally, H₂O₂ treatment on soils after light fraction removal was more effective in isolating the oldest (C-14 activity of -725 to -469aEuro degrees) SOC fraction. The Delta C-14 signature of SOC removed by different oxidizing agents, calculated by mass balance, was more or less similar irrespective of the difference in labile SOC removal efficiency. This suggests that SOC isolated by many fractionation methods is still a mixture of much younger and older material and therefore it is very important that the labile SOC should be completely removed before measuring the turnover time of stable and refractory pools of SOC

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“…The stable fraction that remained at the end of the treatment was supposed to be part of the first organic matter formed in the sediment after glacier retreat (Favilli et al 2008) and to provide minimum ages of deposition of the moraines and of deglaciation. One gram of air-dried soil was wetted for 10 min with a few mL of distilled water in a 150-mL beaker.…”

Section: Extraction Of the Stable Organic Matter (Som)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Numerical Dating Techniques Using¹⁰Be in Rock Boulders and¹⁴C of Resilient Soil Organic Matter for Reconstructing the Chronology of Glacial and Periglacial Processes in a High Alpine Catchment during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT. Glacier fluctuations and paleoclimatic oscillations during the Late Quaternary in Val di Rabbi (Trentino, northern Italy) were reconstructed using a combination of absolute dating techniques ( 14 C and 10 Be) and soil chemical characterization. Extraction and dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter (SOM) gave valuable information about the minimum age of soil formation and contributed to the deciphering of geomorphic surface dynamics. The comparison of 10 Be surface exposure dating (SED) of rock surfaces with the 14 C ages of resilient (resistant to H 2 O 2 oxidation) soil organic matter gave a fairly good agreement, but with some questionable aspects. It is concluded that, applied with adequate carefulness, dating of SOM with 14 C might be a useful tool in reconstructing landscape history in high Alpine areas with siliceous parent material. The combination of 14 C dating of SOM with SED with cosmogenic 10 Be (on moraines and erratic boulders) indicated that deglaciation processes in Val di Rabbi were already ongoing by around 14,000 cal BP at an altitude of 2300 m asl and that glacier oscillations might have affected the higher part of the region until about 9000 cal BP. 10 Be and 14 C ages correlate well with the altitude of the sampling sites and with the established Lateglacial chronology.

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Comparison of different methods of obtaining a resilient organic matter fraction in Alpine soils

Cited by 54 publications

References 60 publications

(Pre-) historic changes in natural and anthropogenic heavy metals deposition inferred from two contrasting Swiss Alpine lakes

(Pre-) historic changes in natural and anthropogenic heavy metals deposition inferred from two contrasting Swiss Alpine lakes

Evaluation of structural chemistry and isotopic signatures of refractory soil organic carbon fraction isolated by wet oxidation methods

Combination of Numerical Dating Techniques Using¹⁰Be in Rock Boulders and¹⁴C of Resilient Soil Organic Matter for Reconstructing the Chronology of Glacial and Periglacial Processes in a High Alpine Catchment during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene

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Comparison of different methods of obtaining a resilient organic matter fraction in Alpine soils

Cited by 54 publications

References 60 publications

(Pre-) historic changes in natural and anthropogenic heavy metals deposition inferred from two contrasting Swiss Alpine lakes

(Pre-) historic changes in natural and anthropogenic heavy metals deposition inferred from two contrasting Swiss Alpine lakes

Evaluation of structural chemistry and isotopic signatures of refractory soil organic carbon fraction isolated by wet oxidation methods

Combination of Numerical Dating Techniques Using10Be in Rock Boulders and14C of Resilient Soil Organic Matter for Reconstructing the Chronology of Glacial and Periglacial Processes in a High Alpine Catchment during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Combination of Numerical Dating Techniques Using¹⁰Be in Rock Boulders and¹⁴C of Resilient Soil Organic Matter for Reconstructing the Chronology of Glacial and Periglacial Processes in a High Alpine Catchment during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene