Comparison of different performance recovery procedures for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Zhang, Qian; Schulze, Mathias; Gazdzicki, Pawel; Friedrich, K. Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117490

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…It can recover the reversible losses during the dynamic load cycle, which facilitates a more accurate assessment of the actual performance losses of MEAs. The main recovery mechanism is as follows: (1) remove excess water, hydrogen, and air; (2) CO poisoning elimination in ACL; (3) Pt oxides reduction in CCL; (4) sulfate anions removal; and (5) regeneration/hydration of the ionomer . After 96 h of AST, the performance retention rates of GO- μg/cm 2 and GO-1 μg/cm 2 are 89.6 and 96.2% at 0.6 V, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each work period includes an FC-DLC and an electrochemical property test, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curves, cyclic voltammograms (CVs), local current density distribution (LCD), and oxygen transport resistance (OTR) measurements before and after the AST. This evaluation method is derived from the previous work of Zhang et al, 37 which can more accurately evaluate the irreversible performance loss of MEA during durability testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing Irreversible Performance Losses via a Graphene Oxide Buffer Layer for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Wang

Lin

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Alloy catalysts are promising for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells but are difficult to realize high-durability operation because the dissolution of Pt–M (M = Co, Ni, etc.) metals inevitably accelerates irreversible performance degradation. Here, we propose a buffer layer solution that inserts a trace layer of a graphene oxide (GO) film between the PEM and the alloy catalyst layer to mitigate the poison effect. To distinguish the irreversible and reversible losses, two typical recovery procedures (shutdown and JRC-based protocols) being part of a fuel cell dynamic load cycle durability test are characterized. The electrochemical evaluation reveals that GO-1 μg/cm2 enables a higher initial performance and stability. Furthermore, the GO buffer layer design allows the realization of membrane electrode assemblies with a highly homogeneous current density distribution and a low accessible mass transport resistance. Thanks to the ion sieving effect in the GO buffer layer, high anti-poisoning and stability during the accelerated stress test process are ensured.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Irreversible Performance Losses via a Graphene Oxide Buffer Layer for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Wang

Lin

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The irreversible loss in the performance of single cells can be related to the dissolution of the catalyst nanoparticles, carbon corrosion, membrane shrinkage, and nanoparticle agglomeration. [ 87 ] On the other hand, the formation of PtO, fuel impurities, water flooding, ionomer contamination, and adsorption of impurities at the catalyst surface lead to reversible losses, as they can be reversed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel GaPtMnP Alloy Based Anodic Electrocatalyst with Excellent Catalytic Features for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

Yoon

Basumatary

Kılıç³

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Although considerable effort has been devoted to developing bifunctional electrocatalysts with enhanced atomic utilization in ethanol fuel cells, significant progress in this field has been hindered by notable drawbacks of the electrocatalysts, such as low stability, poor activity, and inefficient repeatability for multiple startup and shutdown cycles. Considering these issues herein, a novel nanosized GaPtMnP alloy anchored on N-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is developed. The average size of the spherical GaPtMnP alloy nanoparticles is ≈3.5 nm. The atomic structure and d-band shift of Pt in the GaPtMnP alloy are demonstrated using state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations. Cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed that GaPtMnP/N-MWCNT delivered high mass and specific activities of 9.16 A mg Pt −1 and 10.4 mA cm −2 , respectively, in 0.3 m H 2 SO 4 + 0.5 m ethanol, values that are ≈13and 8-fold higher than the corresponding values for Pt/C. In addition, it exhibits long-term stability and durability even after 3000 cycles. A single cell based on the GaPtMnP/N-MWCNT anodic electrocatalyst exhibits a peak power density of 86.64 mW cm −2 , which is approximately fourfold higher than that of Pt/C at 70 °C. Furthermore, the performance of a fuel cell comprising the GaPtMnP/N-MWCNT catalyst remained constant even after multiple startup-shutdown cycles.

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“…The operating conditions of PEMFC [5], its flow field [6], and the optimization of properties of cells [5] have all been investigated. Modified catalysts [7], the properties of the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) [8], the clamping pressure of cells [9], degradation [10], hydrogen economy [11] were also studied. The investigations unveiled the behaviour of PEMFC at different conditions.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode Side Transport Phenomena Investigation and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Tapered Parallel Flow Field PEMFC

Jabbary

Ghasabehi

Shams

2022

Preprint

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A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) provides stable, emission-free, high-efficiency power. Water management and durability of PEMFCs are directly affected by transport phenomena at the cathode side. In the present study, transport phenomena are investigated and optimized in a tapered parallel flow field. Main channels in the flow field are tapered, which increases limiting current density by 41%. Two objectives, i.e. water saturation and transport resistance, are considered metrics for transport phenomena in a tapered parallel flow field PEMFC. Operating pressure, temperature, stoichiometries at both sides, and the porosity of gas diffusion layers are selected as parameters to be optimized. Two functions are generated for objectives by integrating 3D multiphase-flow computational fluid dynamics and Response Surface Methodology. Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) is carried out with two different methods. Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) are employed to produce two challenging Pareto fronts. The results demonstrate that MOPSO performs better than NSGA-II. MOPSO recognized quite the same Pareto front with lower runtime. In the last step, the Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to select an optimum point from the Pareto front. The results are compared against experimental data, and good correspondence is observed. The optimum features are temperature 323, pressure 1 atm, anode stoichiometry 3, cathode stoichiometry 2.62, and porosity 0.68. The porosity and pressure played the most significant roles in determining water saturation and resistance.

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Comparison of different performance recovery procedures for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Cited by 19 publications

References 71 publications

Reducing Irreversible Performance Losses via a Graphene Oxide Buffer Layer for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Reducing Irreversible Performance Losses via a Graphene Oxide Buffer Layer for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Novel GaPtMnP Alloy Based Anodic Electrocatalyst with Excellent Catalytic Features for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

Cathode Side Transport Phenomena Investigation and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Tapered Parallel Flow Field PEMFC

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