Effectiveness and Safety of DOACs in Patients With AF and Bioprosthetic ValvesAccordingly, DOACs can be prescribed to patients with AF and bioprosthetic valves, including after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, real-world data regarding the effectiveness and safety of DOACs in these patients remain limited, 4-6,10,11 especially for patients with aortic bioprosthetic valves. 12 In contrast, the effective-Article p ????The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the editors or of the Japanese Circulation Society.