Comparison of Dragging and Sweeping Methods for Collecting Ticks and Determining Their Seasonal Distributions for Various Habitats, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea

Chong, Sung Tae; Kim, Sang Hyun; Lee, In-Yong; Kollars, Thomas M.; Sancho, Alfredo R.; Sames, William J.; Klein, Terry A.

doi:10.1603/me12032

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…I. nipponensis is a 2-host tick with larvae and nymphs feeding on small/medium-sized mammals, while nymphs and adults blood feed on medium/large mammals. Neither sweeping nor dragging methods were highly effective at collecting I. nipponensis [14,20]. However, more than 98.9% of all ticks collected from live captured small mammals (rodents, shrews, and squirrels) in tall grass and herbaceous vegetation in northern Gyeonggi Province was I. nipponensis (mostly larvae, a few nymphs, and no adults), while only one (<0.1%) H. flava , no H. longicornis , and 1.1% Ixodes pomerantzevi Serdyukova were collected [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tick-borne disease surveillance was conducted at US-ROK operated training sites and privately owned properties in northern Gyeonggi Province near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that separates North and South Korea, from April-October 2004-2005, as described by Chong et al [20] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collection sites included 2 or 4 linear transects that alternated sweep and drag collections conducted concurrently and with collectors/transects separated by approximately 10 m as described by Chong et al [20]. To reduce "border effect", collection lanes were at least 10 m distant from other habitat types, e.g., adjacent forest habitats and grass habitats.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, other methods, i.e., dragging and sweeping vegetation for questing ticks, are employed for specific environments where associated animal and bird hosts are present. Additionally, unfed larval ticks collected by these methods support evidence for potential transovarial transmission [20]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Distribution of Ticks in Four Habitats near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea

et al. 2013

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This study describes the seasonal distribution of larvae, nymph, and adult life stages for 3 species of ixodid ticks collected by tick drag and sweep methods from various habitats in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Grasses less than 0.5 m in height, including herbaceous and crawling vegetation, and deciduous, conifer, and mixed forests with abundant leaf/needle litter were surveyed at United States (US) and ROK operated military training sites and privately owned lands near the demilitarized zone from April-October, 2004 and 2005. Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann adults and nymphs were more frequently collected from April-August, while those of Haemaphysalis flava Neumann and Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka and Saito were collected more frequently from April-July and again during October. H. longicornis was the most frequently collected tick in grass habitats (98.9%), while H. flava was more frequently collected in deciduous (60.2%) and conifer (57.4%) forest habitats. While more H. flava (54.1%) were collected in mixed forest habitats than H. longicornis (35.2%), the differences were not significant. I. nipponensis was more frequently collected from conifer (mean 8.8) compared to deciduous (3.2) and mixed (2.4) forests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Distribution of Ticks in Four Habitats near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea

et al. 2013

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“…A total of 6,484 unengorged ticks (adults, nymphs and larvae) were collected by tick drags when ticks were active during June-October from the southwestern provinces (Jeollanam, Jeollabuk, Chungcheongnam and Chungcheongbuk) of Korea in 2013 as described by Chong et al [21, 22]. Ticks were identified to species level using morphological keys [23, 24] and placed in 2 ml cryovials according to collection date, species and stage of development ( n = 6,484; 311 pools of 1–5 adults, 1–25 nymphs, and 1–69 larvae) (Table 1) [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Rickettsia species in ticks collected from the southwestern provinces of the Republic of Korea

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRickettsiae constitute a group of arthropod-borne, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria that are the causative agents of diseases ranging from mild to life threatening that impact on medical and veterinary health worldwide.MethodsA total of 6,484 ticks were collected by tick drag from June-October 2013 in the southwestern provinces of the Republic of Korea (ROK) (Jeollanam, n = 3,995; Jeollabuk, n = 680; Chungcheongnam, n = 1,478; and Chungcheongbuk, n = 331). Ticks were sorted into 311 pools according to species, collection site, and stage of development. DNA preparations of tick pools were assayed for rickettsiae by 17 kDa antigen gene and ompA nested PCR (nPCR) assays and the resulting amplicons sequenced to determine the identity and prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR).Results Haemaphysalis longicornis (4,471; 52 adults, 123 nymphs and 4,296 larvae) were the most commonly collected ticks, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (1,582; 28 adults, 263 nymphs and 1,291 larvae), and Ixodes nipponensis (431; 25 adults, 5 nymphs and 401 larvae). The minimum field infection rate/100 ticks (assuming 1 positive tick/pool) was 0.93% for the 17 kDa antigen gene and 0.82% for the ompA nPCR assays. The partial 17 kDa antigen and ompA gene sequences from positive pools of H. longicornis were similar to: Rickettsia sp. HI550 (99.4–100%), Rickettsia sp. FUJ98 (99.3–100%), Rickettsia sp. HIR/D91 (99.3–100%), and R. japonica (99.7%). One sequence of the partial 17 kDa antigen gene for H. flava was similar to Rickettsia sp. 17kd-005 (99.7%), while seven sequences of the 17 kDa antigen gene obtained from I. nipponensis ticks were similar to R. monacensis IrR/Munich (98.7–100%) and Rickettsia sp. IRS3 (98.9%).ConclusionsSFG rickettsiae were detected in three species of ixodid ticks collected in the southwestern provinces of the ROK during 2013. A number of rickettsiae have been recently reported from ticks in Korea, some of which were identified as medically important. Results from this study and previous reports demonstrate the need to conduct longitudinal investigations to identify tick-borne rickettsiae and better understand their geographical distributions and potential impact on medical and veterinary health, in addition to risk communication and development of rickettsial disease prevention strategies.

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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from ticks: a molecular epidemiological study of a patient in the Republic of Korea

2023

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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus, commonly called SFTS virus (SFTSV). In the Republic of Korea (ROK), 1,504 cases of SFTS have been reported since the first human case was identified in 2013 until 2021. However, no case exists to provide molecular evidence between questing tick and patients with confirmed SFTS in the same living environment. In this study, we investigated the presence of ticks near the area of a patient infected with SFTSV. Ticks were collected by flagging and dry ice-baited traps at three spots in the vegetation around the patients’ residence in Chuncheon City, Gangwon Province (ROK). Among the tick samples collected, the presence of SFTSV was genetically determined using reverse transcription PCR, followed by the phylogenetic analysis of the tick virus sequences and SFTSV found in the patient. In total 1,212 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were collected, and SFTSV was detected at a minimum infection rate of 5.3% (33 pools/618 tested ticks). The sequences of SFTSV in ticks were 99.6–100% identical with the patient’s SFTSV in the M segment. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first case to provide a molecular correlation between SFTSV in questing ticks collected from residence and patient with SFTS in the ROK. The present results provide useful information for the epidemiological investigation of patients with SFTS using ticks as vectors of SFTSV.

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Comparison of Dragging and Sweeping Methods for Collecting Ticks and Determining Their Seasonal Distributions for Various Habitats, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Seasonal Distribution of Ticks in Four Habitats near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea

Seasonal Distribution of Ticks in Four Habitats near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea

Molecular detection of Rickettsia species in ticks collected from the southwestern provinces of the Republic of Korea

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from ticks: a molecular epidemiological study of a patient in the Republic of Korea

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