Comparison of Effects between Nasal Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure and Nasal Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract

Aims/Background Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is characterized by progressive aggravation and rapid progression of respiratory distress, with a high incidence rate among premature infants. If left untreated, NRDS results in a poor prognosis. In recent years, various respiratory support modalities have received extensive attention in clinical practice. The therapeutic effect of different respiratory support modes on NRDS has gradually become the focus of clinical research. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effects of nasal bi-level positive airway pressure (nBiPAP) and nasal synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (nSIMV) on NRDS. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 157 newborns with NRDS in the Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023, finally including 153 cases after excluding 4 cases with missing clinical data. According to the non-invasive ventilation method, these newborns were categorized into a nBiPAP group (receiving nBiPAP treatment, n = 77) and an nSIMV group (receiving nSIMV treatment, n = 76). The blood gas indices, using time of ventilator, hospitalization time, therapeutic effects, and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The PaCO2, PaO2, and pH levels in the nBiPAP group were basically consistent with those in the nSIMV group before and after treatment (p > 0.05). The use time of ventilator, hospitalization time, and therapeutic effects in the nBiPAP group were similar to those in the nSIMV group (p > 0.05). Additionally, both groups demonstrated no significant difference in the incidence of complications such as intraventricular hemorrhage, apnea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and feeding intolerance (p > 0.05). The incidence rates of ventilator-associated lung injury and neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the nBiPAP group were lower than those in the nSIMV group, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion Both nBiPAP and nSIMV have shown good effects in treating NRDS, with nBiPAP showing a significant advantage in reducing the incidence rates of complications such as ventilator-associated lung injury and neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia.