Comparison of effects of dexmedetomidine and amifostine against X-ray radiation-induced parotid damage

Safak, Gökhan; Çeliker, Metin; Tümkaya, Levent; Mercantepe, Tolga; Rakıcı, Sema Yılmaz; Çınar, Seda; Yılmaz, Adnan; Terzi, Suat; Demir, Emine; Erdivanlı, Özlem Çelebi; Çoşkun, Zerrin Özergin; Karakaş, Sibel; Birinci, Mehmet; Dursun, Engin

doi:10.1007/s00411-022-00964-8

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Amifostine is currently the only radioprotector available. However, its clinical application was limited by its high cost and adverse reactions 8–10 . Many patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the same time have great difficulty tolerating these adverse reactions 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its clinical application was limited by its high cost and adverse reactions. [8][9][10] Many patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the same time have great difficulty tolerating these adverse reactions. 11 Based on the severe situation, research on the treatment of irradiation-induced salivary gland damage has received extensive attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids alleviate irradiation‐induced salivary gland damage

Xie

Guo

et al. 2022

Cell Proliferation

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In this study, we investigated the role of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) in irradiation-induced salivary gland damage in vitro and in vivo. Irradiation-damaged submandibular gland cells (SMGCs) were treated with different concentrations of tFNAs. Cell activity was measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell death was detected by Calcein-AM/PI double staining. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis proteins and inflammatory cytokines were detected by western blot. Body weight, drinking volume, saliva flow rate and lag time was measured 8 weeks after irradiation. Micromorphological changes of submandibular gland were assessed by haematoxylin-eosin and masson staining. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and microvessel density of submandibular gland were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. tFNAs could promote cell proliferation, inhibit cell apoptosis of irradiation-damaged SMGCs and reduce irradiation induced cell death. Mechanism studies revealed that tFNAs inhibited cell apoptosis through regulating the Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3 signalling pathway and inhibited the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 to reduce cell damage caused by inflammation. Animal experiments showed that tFNAs could alleviate irradiation-induced weight loss, increased water intake, decreased saliva production and prolonged salivation lag time and could ameliorate salivary gland damage. tFNAs have a positive effect on alleviating irradiation-induced salivary gland damage and might be a promising agent for the treatment of this disease. | INTRODUCTIONRadiotherapy is a vital treatment for head and neck cancer. Approximately 80% of patients suffering from head and neck cancer have received radiotherapy. However, radiotherapy can cause many Xueping Xie and Wenjuan Ma contribute equally to this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids alleviate irradiation‐induced salivary gland damage

Xie

Guo

et al. 2022

Cell Proliferation

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“…Amifostine is a broad-spectrum cell protector and the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug with a radiological protective effect [ 70 ]. Alkaline phosphatase levels were higher in normal tissues than in tumor cells.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaline phosphatase levels were higher in normal tissues than in tumor cells. Amifostine is hydrolyzed to reactive sulfhydryl compounds (WR-1065) by alkaline phosphatase in normal tissues, which can also play a role in scavenging oxygen free radicals and protecting cellular substructures to selectively prevent injury caused by IR [ 70 , 71 ]. Its tumor-protective effect is controversial, but there is currently no evidence that amifostine reduces the efficacy of RT [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its tumor-protective effect is controversial, but there is currently no evidence that amifostine reduces the efficacy of RT [ 72 , 73 ]. Systemic administration of amifostine has serious side effects such as acute cutaneous and mucosal toxicity, hypotension, hypocalcemia, and vomiting [ 70 ]. Retroductal cannulation and injection can bypass systemic circulation, provide direct glandular access, and be locally administered to the SGs, reducing hypotensive effects compared with intravenous administration [ 74 ].…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Radiotherapy-Induced Xerostomia: A Review

Pang

et al. 2022

Journal of Oncology

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In patients with head and neck cancer, irradiation (IR)-sensitive salivary gland (SG) tissue is highly prone to damage during radiotherapy (RT). This leads to SG hypofunction and xerostomia. Xerostomia is defined as the subjective complaint of dry mouth, which can cause other symptoms and adversely affect the quality of life. In recent years, diagnostic techniques have constantly improved with the emergence of more reliable and valid questionnaires as well as more accurate equipment for saliva flow rate measurement and imaging methods. Preventive measures such as the antioxidant MitoTEMPO, botulinum toxin (BoNT), and growth factors have been successfully applied in animal experiments, resulting in positive outcomes. Interventions, such as the new delivery methods of pilocarpine, edible saliva substitutes, acupuncture and electrical stimulation, gene transfer, and stem cell transplantation, have shown potential to alleviate or restore xerostomia in patients. The review summarizes the existing and new diagnostic methods for xerostomia, along with current and potential strategies for reducing IR-induced damage to SG function. We also aim to provide guidance on the advantages and disadvantages of the diagnostic methods. Additionally, most prevention and treatment methods remain in the stage of animal experiments, suggesting a need for further clinical research, among which we believe that antioxidants, gene transfer, and stem cell transplantation have broad prospects.

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The Protective Efficacy of Hesperidin and Thymol on Radiation‐Induced Submandibular Gland Damage

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study was to employ biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods to reveal the effectiveness of hesperidin and thymol in preventing radiotherapy-associated submandibular gland injury.Methods: A total of 48 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups of eight animals each. Group 1 represented the control group. Group 2 was regarded as hesperidin Group, and the rats received only hesperidin. Group 3 was regarded as thymol Group, and the rats received only thymol. Group 4 was regarded as a Radiotherapy Group, and the rats were exposed to radiotherapy at a dose of 15 Gy. Group 5 was regarded as hesperidin + Radiotherapy Group, and rats received hesperidin at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 1 week prior to radiotherapy exposition. Group 6 was regarded as thymol + Radiotherapy Group, and rats received thymol at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 1 week prior to radiotherapy exposition. Rats were sacrificed after radiotherapy and submandibular glands were dissected for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations.Results: We have shown that, thanks to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, hesperidin and thymol minimize the damage caused by radiation toxicity by decreasing oxidant levels and increasing antioxidant enzyme levels in the submandibular gland. We found that thymol showed more protective activity than hesperidin in terms of effectiveness on radiation toxicity.Conclusion: Hesperidin and thymol exhibit histopathological, immunochemical, and biochemical protection against radiation-related submandibular gland injury. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature in this field.

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Comparison of effects of dexmedetomidine and amifostine against X-ray radiation-induced parotid damage

Cited by 7 publications

References 63 publications

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids alleviate irradiation‐induced salivary gland damage

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids alleviate irradiation‐induced salivary gland damage

Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Radiotherapy-Induced Xerostomia: A Review

The Protective Efficacy of Hesperidin and Thymol on Radiation‐Induced Submandibular Gland Damage

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