Comparison of efficacy of two different doses of tranexamic acid in prevention of post operative blood loss in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery

Abstract

Background: The optimal dose of tranexamic acid in minimizing perioperative bleeding is uncertain. We compared efficacy of two different doses of tranexamic acid in reducing post-operative blood loss and its side effects in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study at a pediatric cardiac center in South India. Methods: Consecutive cyanotic patients undergoing cardiac surgery were divided into groups I and II to receive either 10 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg of tranexamic acid administered as triple dose regime after induction, during cardiopulmonary bypass, and after protamine. Post-operative blood loss at 24 hours, blood component utilization, incidence of renal dysfunction and seizures were compared. Results: Totally, 124 patients were recruited, 62 in each group. The pre-operative variables and cardiopulmonary bypass time were comparable. Patients receiving 25 mg/kg had lower post-operative blood loss compared to patients in lower dose group (8.04 ± 8.89 vs 12.41 ± 19.23 ml/kg/24 hours, P = 0.03). There was no difference in the transfused volume of packed red cells (9.21 ± 7.13 ml/kg vs 12.41 ± 9.23 ml/kg, P = 0.712), fresh frozen plasma (13.91 ± 13.38 ml/kg vs 11.02 ± 8.04 ml/kg, P = 0.19), platelets (9.03 ± 6.76 ml/kg vs 10.90 ± 6.9 ml/kg, P = 0.14) or cryoprecipitate (0.66 ± 0.59 ml/kg vs 0.53 ± 0.54 ml/kg, P = 0.5) in group II and I, respectively. Two patients developed renal dysfunction secondary to low cardiac output in lower dose group. There were no seizures. Conclusions: Tranexamic acid administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg as triple dose regime is associated with lower post-operative blood loss compared to a lower dose of 10 mg/kg in cyanotic patients undergoing cardiac surgery without causing major adverse effects.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic and topical tranexamic acid administration in aesthetic plastic surgery

“…TXA can cause complications such as heart disease and epilepsy. However, it is a clinical practice, and most studies show it is a safe and effective antifibrinolytic drug (Zak et al 2021 ; Madathil et al 2021 ). TXA is effective when administered systematically and topical.…”

“…Its half-life in adults is approximately 3 h. However, it remains in tissues for up to 17 h (Grassin-Delyle et al 2022 ). The safety and effectiveness of TXA have been well-studied in cardiology (Shi et al 2022 ; Madathil et al 2021 ), orthopaedics (Groene et al 2021 ; Wong et al 2021 ; Bloom et al 2023 ), and other specialities (Tsan et al 2023 ; Mocanu et al 2023 ; Simsam et al 2023 ). Also, TXA reduces the likelihood of blood transfusion by one-third and reduces the transfused blood by one unit (Patel et al 2022 ).…”