Comparison of Electroconvulsive Therapy With Unilateral and Bilateral Stimulation

d'Elia, G

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1970.tb01095.x

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Patients were ventilated with 100% oxygen and intravenous suxamethonium was given to obtain muscle relaxation. Unilateral ECT over the non‐dominant hemisphere a.m. d'Elia (d'Elia, 1970a; d'Elia, 1970b) was applied. An adequate seizure was defined as a generalised tonic‐clonic seizure with a motor component lasting at least 20 s or convulsive EEG activity lasting >25 s Post‐ECT observation was initially done by the attending anaesthesiologist to ensure vital functions followed by observation of half an hour by nurses and trained assistants before the patients were returned to their wards.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain thresholds during and after treatment of severe depression with electroconvulsive therapy

Gormsen

Ribe

Raun

et al. 2004

European Journal of Pain

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Pain and depression are often associated suggesting that both conditions share a common neurobiological mechanism, which modulate emotional function and processing of noxious information. Pain thresholds are hypothesized to be altered in depressed patients and normalized with the amelioration of depression. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine pain thresholds in patients during and after treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) of severe depression and in healthy controls. Seventeen depressed patients (Hamilton depression score > 18) and an age and gender matched control group of same size participated in the study. Pain detection and tolerance thresholds to pressure and pain tolerance thresholds to the Cold Pressor Test by exposure to ice-water was measured twice in depressed patients during and after ECT and twice in controls with a similar time interval. While ECT significantly improved Hamilton depression score (from mean 23.9 (SD:5) to mean 12.5 (SD:5.7)) there was no significant change in pain thresholds during and after ECT in the patient group. However, depressed patients had significantly lower pain tolerance in the Cold Pressor Test on both examinations and on pressure pain tolerance on the second examination day than their corresponding control subjects. The differential effect of ECT on depression score and pain processing indicate that mood and noxious processing are not medicated directly by the same systems but that a complex relationship between pain and depression exists.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain thresholds during and after treatment of severe depression with electroconvulsive therapy

Gormsen

Ribe

Raun

et al. 2004

European Journal of Pain

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“…Typically, ECT is administrated 2-3 times a week for 3-6 weeks, but administration may vary from site to site and with indication. The two most common ways of electrode placement are the bitemporal (BT) placement and the right unilateral placement (RUL) (7). Cognitive side effects impacting memory and other cognitive domains are unfortunately common and add to the stigma of the procedure (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Depressed Subjects Treated With Electroconvulsive Therapy—A Systematic Review of Literature

et al. 2021

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered to be the most effective acute treatment for otherwise treatment resistant major depressive episodes, and has been used for over 80 years. Still, the underlying mechanism of action is largely unknow. Several studies suggest that ECT affects the cerebral neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows investigators to study neurotransmitters in vivo, and has been used to study neurochemical changes in the brain of patients treated with ECT. Several investigations have been performed on ECT-patients; however, no systematic review has yet summarized these findings. A systematic literature search based on the Prisma guidelines was performed. PubMed (Medline) was used in order to find investigations studying patients that had been treated with ECT and had undergone an MRS examination. A search in the databases Embase, PsycInfo, and Web of Science was also performed, leading to no additional records. A total of 30 records were identified and screened which resulted in 16 original investigations for review. The total number of patients that was included in these studies, ignoring potential overlap of samples in some investigations, was 325. The metabolites reported were N-acetyl aspartate, Choline, Myoinositol, Glutamate and Glutamine, GABA and Creatine. The strongest evidence for neurochemical change related to ECT, was found for N-acetyl aspartate (reduction), which is a marker of neuronal integrity. Increased choline and glutamate following treatment was also commonly reported.

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“…In a larger trial investigating retrograde amnesia, d'Elia (1970) randomized 108 patients with depression (in the context of a mood disorder or schizophrenia) to BL, NDUL, DUL ECT, or flurothyl convulsive therapy (reported on elsewhere). Based on a laterality test battery, of the 74 patients who received ECT, three were right‐cerebral dominant; of these three, two were given LUL ECT and one was given RUL ECT.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of left unilateral electroconvulsive therapy

Kellner

Farber

Chen

et al. 2017

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Overall, the efficacy of LUL electrode placement for the treatment of depression and psychosis is similar to that of right unilateral (RUL) and bilateral (BL) electrode placements. Patients receiving LUL ECT tend to experience more verbal memory impairment than patients receiving RUL ECT, but less verbal impairment than patients receiving BL ECT. In contrast, patients receiving LUL ECT tended to experience the least visual and nonverbal memory impairment, compared to patients receiving RUL or BL ECT.

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Comparison of Electroconvulsive Therapy With Unilateral and Bilateral Stimulation

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Pain thresholds during and after treatment of severe depression with electroconvulsive therapy

Pain thresholds during and after treatment of severe depression with electroconvulsive therapy

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Depressed Subjects Treated With Electroconvulsive Therapy—A Systematic Review of Literature

A systematic review of left unilateral electroconvulsive therapy

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