Comparison of Electrophysical Properties of PZT-Type Ceramics Obtained by Conventional and Mechanochemical Methods

Abstract

In the paper, the multicomponent PZT-type ceramics with Pb(Zr0.49Ti0.51)0.94Mn0.015Sb0.01W0.015Ni0.03O3 composition have been obtained by conventional and mechanochemical methods. With conventional ceramic technology, PZT-type ceramics have been synthesized by the method of calcination powder (850 °C/4 h). Instead of this step, the mechanochemical synthesis process for different milling periods (15 h, 25 h, 50 h, 75 h) has been applied for a second batch of samples. To obtain the dense PZT-type ceramic samples, powders have been sintered by free sintering method at conditions of 1150 °C/2 h. Studies have shown that the perovskite structure of the PZT-type material is formed during mechanochemical activation of powders during the technological process at low temperature. The application of the mechanochemical synthesis to obtain the PZT-type materials also allows shortening of the technological process, and the useful electrophysical properties of ceramic samples are not reduced at the same time. The presented results have confirmed that the investigated materials can be used in microelectronic applications, especially as elements of actuators and piezoelectric transducers.

Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured and composite oxide ceramics: From mechanisms to tailored properties

“…The average grain size of the particles increased and the grain size heterogeneity increased after 50 h of ball milling. Bochenek et al 8 will obtain PZT-type ceramics by high-temperature solidphase synthesis (traditional method) and mechanochemical methods, respectively, to emphasize the benefits of mechanochemical synthesis. The conventional method requires calcination at 850 • C for 4 h, in addition to the presence of volatile reagents during the synthesis, so it is necessary to lower the calcination/sintering temperature to avoid any stoichiometric and structural changes.…”

“…(F) Conventional method treatment and mechanochemical treatment for different periods: (G) 25 h, (H) 50 h, and (I) 75 h. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 8 Copyright (2019) by Elsevier.…”

“…[4][5][6] Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on methods for preparing oxide ceramic powders, including both traditional and mechanochemical techniques. Traditional approaches such as solid-phase methods, such as high-temperature solid-phase synthesis 7,8 and molten salt methods, [9][10][11] and liquid-phase methods such as co-precipitation, [12][13][14] sol-gel, [15][16][17][18] and hydrothermal methods, 19,20 have been widely studied. However, these traditional methods often require organic solvents or high-temperature conditions, leading to low reaction efficiency and environmental concerns.…”

Structural and dielectric properties of (1-x)Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3-xGdMnO3 ceramics

“…PZT powders are usually synthesized by the solid-state reaction process (i.e., calcination method) using mixed oxides as starting materials. Also, the conventional solid-state reacted PZT powders are sintered at very high temperatures [25][26][27]. The aim of this work is to determine the system with optimized GdMnO 3 content to achieve higher density and dielectric constant and lower loss tangent (tanδ) for the construction of high voltage (HV) ceramic capacitors.…”

The Effect of Mixed Doping on the Microstructure and Electrophysical Parameters of the Multicomponent PZT-Type Ceramics

“…There are many ways to optimize and improve the properties of ceramic materials, such as using modern technological methods, using a protective or special atmosphere during sintering at high temperatures, doping of the basic composition, creating multicomponent ceramic composites with different properties, etc. [10][11][12][13]. One of the effective methods for optimizing a number of electrophysical parameters of PZT-type ceramic materials (dielectric, piezoelectric, mechanical, electromechanical, etc.)…”