Comparison of Emissions from Wood Combustion. Part 1: Emission Factors and Characteristics from Different Small-Scale Residential Heating Appliances Considering Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Related Toxicological Potential of Particle-Bound Organic Species

Orasche, Jürgen; Seidel, Torben; Hartmann, Hans; Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen; Chow, Judith C.; Ruppert, Hans; Zimmermann, Ralf

doi:10.1021/ef301295k

Cited by 111 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Cellulose decomposes at temperatures >300 C yielding source specific molecular tracers mainly levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan (Orasche et al, 2012;Schauer et al, 2001). Levoglucosan has been described as a tracer for biomass combustion from any cellulosic material .…”

Section: Anhydrous Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality in the German–Czech border region: A focus on harmful fractions of PM and ultrafine particles

Schladitz

Leníček

Beneš

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sHarmful contributions of ultrafine particles and PM concentration were determined. Vehicular PAH emissions were allocated to the Aitken mode. Traffic-related nucleation particles and soot particles dominate the ultrafines. Heavy metals and PAH in the accumulation mode are related to solid fuel combustion. Major sources of solid fuel combustion are soft wood and domestic coal combustion. a b s t r a c tA comprehensive air quality study has been carried out at two urban background sites in AnnabergBuchholz (Germany) and Ústí nad Labem (Czech Republic) in the GermaneCzech border region between January 2012 and June 2014. Special attention was paid to quantify harmful fractions of particulate matter (PM) and ultrafine particle number concentration (UFP) from solid fuel combustion and vehicular traffic. Source type contributions of UFP were quantified by using the daily concentration courses of UFP and nitrogen oxide. Two different source apportionment techniques were used to quantify relative and absolute mass contributions: positive matrix factorization for total PM 2.5 and elemental carbon in PM 2.5 and chemical mass balance for total PM 1 and organic carbon in PM 1 . Contributions from solid fuel combustion strongly differed between the non-heating period (AprileSeptember) and the heating period (OctobereMarch). Major sources of solid fuel combustion in this study were wood and domestic coal combustion, while the proportion of industrial coal combustion was low (<3%). In Ústí nad Labem combustion of domestic brown coal was the most important source of organic carbon ranging from 34% to 43%. Wood combustion was an important source of organic carbon in Annaberg-Buchholz throughout the year. Heavy metals and less volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the accumulation mode were related to solid fuel combustion with enhanced concentrations during the heating period. In contrast, vehicular PAH emissions were allocated to the Aitken mode. Only in Ústí nad Labem a significant contribution of photochemical new particle formation (e.g. from sulfur dioxide) to UFP of almost 50% was observed during noontime. UFPs from traffic emissions (nucleation particles) and primary emitted soot particles dominated at both sites during the rest of the day. The methodology of a combined source apportionment of UFP and PM can be adapted to other regions of the world with similar problems of atmospheric pollution to calculate the relative risk in epidemiological health studies for different sub-fractions of PM and UFP. This will enhance the meaningfulness of published relative risks in health studies based on total PM and UFP number concentrations.

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Section: Anhydrous Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality in the German–Czech border region: A focus on harmful fractions of PM and ultrafine particles

Schladitz

Leníček

Beneš

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Dieser Unterschied stellte sich aber als statistisch nicht signifikant heraus, bedingt durch die hohe Variation der Emissionen beim Kaminofen und der aufwandsbedingten geringen Anzahl an Wiederholungsversuchen. Bei Experimenten mit 3,3-facher Überladung des Brennraumes mit Buchenholzscheiten (ohne Rinde) machten PAKs einen Anteil von bis zu 15 % des organischen Aerosolanteils aus, während bei normaler Beschickung "nur" 4 % PAKs entstehen (Bruns et al 2015 Weitere detailliertere Ergebnisse aus dem Teilprojekt sind zu finden bei Orasche (2013), Orasche et al (2012Orasche et al ( , 2013, Elsasser et al (2013) Kap. 3.5.4.2), in denen sich ein Befragter überzeugt zeigte, dass das EEG entscheidend für den ausbleibenden Erfolg oder gar die Umsetzung von regulierenden Maßnahmen mitverantwortlich ist.…”

Section: Sortenunterschiede Bei Zucker-und Energierübenunclassified

Bioenergie im Spannungsfeld

Ruppert¹,

Ibendorf²

2017

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“…The presence of MAs has been demonstrated in emissions from wood combustion Fine et al, 2001;Nolte et al, 2001;Schmidl et al, 2008;Frey et al, 2009;Gonçalves et al, , 2011Orasche et al, 2012) as well as from wildfires, prescribed and agricultural fires (dos Santos et al, 2002;Gao et al, 2003;Sillanpää et al, 2005;Mazzoleni et al, 2007;Sullivan et al, 2008;Alves et al, 2010;Saarnio et al, 2010a;Vicente et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2011). Recently, it has been shown that combustion of peat (Iinuma et al, 2007;Kourtchev et al, 2011) as well as of certain types of brown coal (Fabbri et al, 2009) could be additional sources of ambient aerosol concentrations of MAs in regions where such fuels are utilised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…it has been used to estimate the impact from combustion of different wood types; however, no clear picture of the variability of MAs concentrations and ratios from wood combustion has been found. Some studies have reported a high variability depending on burning conditions or type of wood with filtration-based sampling (Schmidl et al, 2008;Orasche et al, 2012Orasche et al, , 2013 or by application of aerosol mass spectrometry (Weimer et al, 2008;Elsasser et al, 2013). Other studies have shown relatively little variation in MAs emissions during wood combustion under varying conditions (Jordan and Seen, 2005;Frey et al, 2009) or with different types of wood (Fine et al, 2001(Fine et al, , 2002(Fine et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intercomparison study of analytical methods used for quantification of levoglucosan in ambient aerosol filter samples

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) levoglucosan, galactosan and mannosan are products of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses, and are found to be major constituents of biomass burning (BB) aerosol particles. Hence, ambient aerosol particle concentrations of levoglucosan are commonly used to study the influence of residential wood burning, agricultural waste burning and wildfire emissions on ambient air quality. A European-wide intercomparison on the analysis of the three monosaccharide anhydrides was conducted based on ambient aerosol quartz fiber filter samples collected at a Norwegian urban background site during winter. Thus, the samples' content of MAs is representative for BB particles originating from residential wood burning. The purpose of the intercomparison was to examine the comparability of the great diversity of analytical methods used for analysis of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan in ambient aerosol filter samples. Thirteen laboratories participated, of which three applied high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), four used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and six resorted to gas chromatography (GC). The analytical methods used were of such diversity that they should be considered as thirteen different analytical methPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. K. E. Yttri et al.: An intercomparison study of analytical methods used for quantificationods. All of the thirteen laboratories reported levels of levoglucosan, whereas nine reported data for mannosan and/or galactosan. Eight of the thirteen laboratories reported levels for all three isomers.The accuracy for levoglucosan, presented as the mean percentage error (PE) for each participating laboratory, varied from −63 to 20 %; however, for 62 % of the laboratories the mean PE was within ±10 %, and for 85 % the mean PE was within ±20 %. For mannosan, the corresponding range was −60 to 69 %, but as for levoglucosan, the range was substantially smaller for a subselection of the laboratories; i.e. for 33 % of the laboratories the mean PE was within ±10 %. For galactosan, the mean PE for the participating laboratories ranged from −84 to 593 %, and as for mannosan 33 % of the laboratories reported a mean PE within ±10 %.The variability of the various analytical methods, as defined by their minimum and maximum PE value, was typically better for levoglucosan than for mannosan and galactosan, ranging from 3.2 to 41 % for levoglucosan, from 10 to 67 % for mannosan and from 6 to 364 % for galactosan. For the levoglucosan to mannosan ratio, which may be used to assess the relative importance of softwood versus hardwood burning, the variability only ranged from 3.5 to 24 %.To our knowledge, this is the first major intercomparison on analytical methods used to quantify monosaccharide anhydrides in ambient aerosol filter samples conducted and reported in the scientific literature. The results show ...

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Comparison of Emissions from Wood Combustion. Part 1: Emission Factors and Characteristics from Different Small-Scale Residential Heating Appliances Considering Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Related Toxicological Potential of Particle-Bound Organic Species

Cited by 111 publications

References 45 publications

Air quality in the German–Czech border region: A focus on harmful fractions of PM and ultrafine particles

Air quality in the German–Czech border region: A focus on harmful fractions of PM and ultrafine particles

Bioenergie im Spannungsfeld

An intercomparison study of analytical methods used for quantification of levoglucosan in ambient aerosol filter samples

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