Comparison of Emulsification Devices for the Production of Miniemulsions

El-Jaby, Ula; Cunningham, Michael F.; McKenna, Timothy F. L.

doi:10.1021/ie901005a

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A transducer contains piezoelectric crystals, which, upon receiving the electrical signal, start to oscillate, causing the horn or probe to longitudinally expand and contract. Emulsification occurs because these pressure waves lead to the creation of voids within the continuous phase, which implode violently when they have reached a critical size [67]. This is known as transient cavitation.…”

Section: Ultrasonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge of water droplets in non-polar oils

Schoeler

Josephides

Sajjadi

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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Recent advances in droplet manipulation methods by electric fields and signals require a deeper understanding of water droplet charge. In this paper, we have investigated the electrophoretic motion of individual water microdroplets injected into non-polar silicone and paraffin oil by video optical microscopy on an individual droplet basis to determine droplet charge. It was found that the initial surface charge density of surfactant free droplets directly after injection from a micropipette is positive and of the order of 10−6 C/m2, regardless of pH and ion concentration in the range from pH 4 to pH 10 and from 0.01 mmol/l to 1.5 mol/l, respectively. The experimental results together with molecular dynamics simulations show that the nature and polarity of the charge can be explained by anisotropic orientation of water molecules at the interface rather than selective adsorption of ions. Furthermore, we showed that slip at the liquid-liquid boundary must be taken into account when interpreting electrophoretic measurements of droplets.

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Section: Ultrasonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge of water droplets in non-polar oils

Schoeler

Josephides

Sajjadi

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…High-pressure homogenisers (HPH) have also been found to be effective for laboratory and industrial scale experiments. [2] Similar to US, HPH devices are energy intensive and sometimes require a pre-homogenisation step to reduce the number of cycles (a cycle is defined by the time needed to pass the entire volume once through the shearing zone). More recently it has been shown that alternative devices such as rotor-stators and static mixers impose less shear [3] and are capable of generating large volumes of polymerisable miniemulsions making them more suitable for scale-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniemulsions via in situ Surfactant Generation

El-Jaby

Cunningham

McKenna

2010

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The preparation and stabilisation of miniemulsions using in situ generated surfactants is described. Neutralising a water‐soluble base with an oil‐soluble long‐chain acid instantaneously generates in situ surfactants at the oil/water interface, resulting in a rapid homogenisation/polymerisation process. It was found that droplet sizes decreased with surfactant concentration and solid content and that in situ generated potassium stearate is not capable of simultaneously serving as a surfactant and costabiliser. However, the presence of stearic acid delays the rate of ripening. A number of in situ surfactants were prepared with different acids and bases. It was found that the droplet size decreased with the hydrated radius of the counterions.magnified image

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“…The most commonly used are the high frequency ultrasonic devices, the high pressure homogeneizers (HPH), and the microfluidizers [30,39]. The use of ultrasounds for emulsification is increasingly studied for its lower energy consumption, its use of fewer amounts of surfactants, and the obtainment of smaller sizes for more homogeneous products than classical mechanical processes [29,39,40]. The use of ultrasounds for emulsification is increasingly studied for its lower energy consumption, its use of fewer amounts of surfactants, and the obtainment of smaller sizes for more homogeneous products than classical mechanical processes [29,39,40].…”

Section: Fabrication Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoemulsions: Preparation, Stability and Application in Biosciences

Delmas¹,

Atrux-Tallau²,

Goutayer³

et al. 2013

Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery, Imaging, and Tissue Engineering

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Nanoencapsulation is being thoroughly investigated for the encapsulation and delivery of actives and/or contrast agents. Our approach allows for better solubilization, protection, transportation, and delivery of encapsulated molecules to their biological site of action. This is expected to increase treatment efficiency while reducing possible side effects through dose reduction and/or targeted delivery. Among other nanocarriers, lipid nanoparticles are biocompatible, biodegradable, can be easily produced by up-scalable processes and, depending on the lipid physical state, may allow control of the release of encapsulated molecules. This chapter will explain how nanoemulsions can be efficiently used as nanocarriers for drug delivery and imaging. We will first emphasize the importance of specific formulation to reach long-term physical stability of the nanoparticles in simple and more complex formula. We will then highlight how the lipids' physical state dramatically impacts the actives encapsulation and release behaviors. Finally, we will explore the interaction of nanoemulsion with biological media in terms of biocompatibility and targeting possibilities. Differences between the two main application domains envisaged, namely pharmaceutics and cosmetics, are detailed, and implications for nanoemulsion preparation are discussed.

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Comparison of Emulsification Devices for the Production of Miniemulsions

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Charge of water droplets in non-polar oils

Charge of water droplets in non-polar oils

Miniemulsions via in situ Surfactant Generation

Nanoemulsions: Preparation, Stability and Application in Biosciences

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