Abstract:Introduction: The present study compared the effects of erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser and hand instrumentation on the attachment of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells to periodontally involved root surfaces. Methods: A total of 40 tooth specimens were collected and treated in four distinct groups: scaled and root planed with hand instruments, scaled with Er:YAG laser, treated with a combination of hand instruments and Er:YAG laser and non-treated control group. The attachment and prol… Show more
“…In contrast, irradiation at a moderate level of 6.3 J cm −2 only caused transient cell injury but induced maximal cell proliferation, as shown by WST‐8 assay and cell counting results. Compared to the effects of irradiation at low fluence levels described in previous studies , we clarified for the first time that the Er:YAG laser had significantly stronger biological effects at this moderate energy level. Therefore, we focused on the effects of irradiation at this fluence.…”
We investigated the biological effects of Er:YAG laser (2940-nm; DELight, HOYA ConBio, Fremont, California) irradiation at fluences of 3.6, 4.2, 4.9, 6.3, 8.1 or 9.7 J cm at 20 or 30 Hz for 20 or 30 seconds on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Irradiation at 6.3 J cm promoted maximal cell proliferation, determined by WST-8 assay and crystal violet staining, but was accompanied by lactate dehydrogenase release, on day 3 post-irradiation. Elevation of ATP level, Ki67 staining, and cyclin-A2 mRNA expression confirmed that Er:YAG affected the cell cycle and increased the number of proliferating cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed alterations of mitochondria and ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at 3 hours post-irradiation at 6.3 J cm , and the changes subsided after 24 hours, suggesting transient cellular injury. Microarray analysis revealed up-regulation of 21 genes involved in heat-related biological responses and ER-associated degradation. The mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 family was increased, as validated by Real-time PCR. Surface temperature measurement confirmed that 6.3 J cm generated heat (40.9°C post-irradiation). Treatment with 40°C-warmed medium increased proliferation. Laser-induced proliferation was suppressed by inhibition of thermosensory transient receptor potential channels. Thus, despite causing transient cellular damage, Er:YAG laser irradiation at 6.3 J cm strongly potentiated HGF proliferation via photo-thermal stress, suggesting potential wound-healing benefit.
“…In contrast, irradiation at a moderate level of 6.3 J cm −2 only caused transient cell injury but induced maximal cell proliferation, as shown by WST‐8 assay and cell counting results. Compared to the effects of irradiation at low fluence levels described in previous studies , we clarified for the first time that the Er:YAG laser had significantly stronger biological effects at this moderate energy level. Therefore, we focused on the effects of irradiation at this fluence.…”
We investigated the biological effects of Er:YAG laser (2940-nm; DELight, HOYA ConBio, Fremont, California) irradiation at fluences of 3.6, 4.2, 4.9, 6.3, 8.1 or 9.7 J cm at 20 or 30 Hz for 20 or 30 seconds on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Irradiation at 6.3 J cm promoted maximal cell proliferation, determined by WST-8 assay and crystal violet staining, but was accompanied by lactate dehydrogenase release, on day 3 post-irradiation. Elevation of ATP level, Ki67 staining, and cyclin-A2 mRNA expression confirmed that Er:YAG affected the cell cycle and increased the number of proliferating cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed alterations of mitochondria and ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at 3 hours post-irradiation at 6.3 J cm , and the changes subsided after 24 hours, suggesting transient cellular injury. Microarray analysis revealed up-regulation of 21 genes involved in heat-related biological responses and ER-associated degradation. The mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 family was increased, as validated by Real-time PCR. Surface temperature measurement confirmed that 6.3 J cm generated heat (40.9°C post-irradiation). Treatment with 40°C-warmed medium increased proliferation. Laser-induced proliferation was suppressed by inhibition of thermosensory transient receptor potential channels. Thus, despite causing transient cellular damage, Er:YAG laser irradiation at 6.3 J cm strongly potentiated HGF proliferation via photo-thermal stress, suggesting potential wound-healing benefit.
“…Excessive power may result in a superficial layer of mineral melt and cavitation flaws that hinder cell adhesion [ 23 ]. According to Feist et al surfaces irradiated with 60 mJ/pulse Er:YAG laser had quicker cell adherence and proliferation than surfaces irradiated with 100 mJ/pulse Er:YAG laser [ 24 ].…”
“…After the incubation time, each root with attached fibroblasts was transferred to a new well of 24-well plate and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay was performed to assess the viability of fibroblasts attached to the root surface ( Fig. 3 A) as shown previously ( Talebi-Ardakani et al, 2017 ). Fig.…”
Background
The gold standard treatment of periodontal diseases is scaling and root planing (SRP). Different adjunctive root conditioning agents such as hyaluronic acid (HA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and chlorhexidine (CHX) have been used with SRP to improve the smear layer removal and the healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of manual scaling with or without HA, EDTA, or CHX root conditioning on the attachment and viability of human gingival fibroblasts (GF).
Methods
Fifteen healthy single rooted teeth were co llected and divided randomly into a scaled (n = 12) and non-scaled control group (n = 3). The scaled roots were subdivided equally into four groups; the first group did not receive any chemical treatment, while the remaining groups were treated with the conditioning agents HA or 17% EDTA or 0.2% CHX gel. Gingival fibroblasts were seeded on the top of each root and incubated for 48 h to allow attachment to the roots. The viability of fibroblasts attached to the root surface was assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay.
Results
The cell viability was the highest in the scaled only group (p = 0.0001) while the lowest was in the scaled with EDTA group (p > 0.05). The scaled group was the highest followed by the HA and CHX groups, while the EDTA group showed the lowest mean value.
Conclusion
SRP remains the superior method for regaining cell attachment to the root surface, leading to better periodontal health, and adjunctive therapies did not enhance the GF attachment to the root surface beyond the effect of SRP. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of root conditioning agents on periodontally diseased teeth in vitro and compare them in vivo.
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