Comparison of Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Food, and Farm and Companion Animals for Presence of Shiga Toxin–Producing E. coli Virulence Markers

Murinda, Shelton E.; Nguyen, Lien T.; Landers, Tippi L.; Draughon, F. A.; Mathew, A. G.; Hogan, J.S.; Smith, Ken; Hancock, Dale D.; Oliver, S. P.

doi:10.1089/fpd.2004.1.178

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These figures are also consistent with the range of STEC prevalence in dairy cattle observed in other countries (13,30,39,64). Also, E. coli strain O157:H7 has been frequently isolated in dairy herds in the United States (34)(35)(36)58) and in other countries (14,39,65). It is known that young cattle harbor STEC at significant prevalence, often higher than that in adult cows (13,60,63,(65)(66)(67).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Dairy heifers, cows, and calves have been found positive for E. coli O157 and other pathogenic E. coli serotypes across the world, including in the United States (8,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38) and South America, Europe, Oceania, and Japan (30,(39)(40)(41). Postweaned calves (between 2 and 4 months of age) appear to be more frequently colonized by O157, with prevalence declining thereafter (42)(43)(44).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

Lambertini

Karns

Kessel

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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g Pathogenic Escherichia coli or its associated virulence factors have been frequently detected in dairy cow manure, milk, and dairy farm environments. However, it is unclear what the long-term dynamics of E. coli virulence factors are and which farm compartments act as reservoirs. This study assessed the occurrence and dynamics of four E. coli virulence factors (eae, stx 1 , stx 2 , and the gamma allele of the tir gene [␥-tir]) on three U.S. dairy farms. Fecal, manure, water, feed, milk, and milk filter samples were collected from 2004 to 2012. Virulence factors were measured by postenrichment quantitative PCR (qPCR). All factors were detected in most compartments on all farms. Fecal and manure samples showed the highest prevalence, up to 53% for stx and 21% for ␥-tir in fecal samples and up to 84% for stx and 44% for ␥-tir in manure. Prevalence was low in milk (up to 1.9% for stx and 0.7% for ␥-tir). However, 35% of milk filters were positive for stx and 20% were positive for ␥-tir. All factors were detected in feed and water. Factor prevalence and levels, expressed as qPCR cycle threshold categories, fluctuated significantly over time, with no clear seasonal signal independent from year-to-year variability. Levels were correlated between fecal and manure samples, and in some cases autocorrelated, but not between manure and milk filters. Shiga toxins were nearly ubiquitous, and 10 to 18% of the lactating cows were potential shedders of E. coli O157 at least once during their time in the herds. E. coli virulence factors appear to persist in many areas of the farms and therefore contribute to transmission dynamics. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates of several pathovars of public health importance, such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), have been observed in dairy herds (1-3) as well as in milk (4-10) and other dairy products (4-8, 11, 12). Beef cattle are also known to harbor pathogenic E. coli (13-16). Dairy animals also enter the meat production chain, contributing to meatborne infections (17). Infection by these classes of pathogenic E. coli can have serious health impacts in humans (8). The cost of human health losses in the United States due to E. coli O157 alone was estimated to amount to $405 million per year (18). Numerous E. coli outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of milk and dairy products (19)(20)(21)(22) and to direct contact with dairy farm animals and environments (23, 24). Milk contamination is usually due to fecal contamination. Intestinal colonization by STEC serogroups such as E. coli O157 is usually subclinical in cows and calves and therefore is often undetected. STEC and EHEC have almost never been associated with nonenteric infections in cows, such as mastitis, although other classes of pathogenic E. coli have been known to cause mastitis (25).A virulence factor is a phenotypic trait, usually a large molecule or complex, which determines the ability of E. coli and other bacterial pathogens to infect a h...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

Lambertini

Karns

Kessel

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Undercooked ground beef and raw milk have most often been implicated in food-borne infections [2]. In addition to consumption of contaminated foods, humans can be infected by direct transmission of EHEC O157 from infected animals or by secondary spread from person to person [2,6].Dogs and cats called as companion animals have the most closely relationship with humans, and EHEC strains are rarely reported in companion animals [10,13]. For that reason, a companion animal carrying with EHEC may become a human health threat.…”

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confidence: 99%

A 3-Year Epidemiological Surveillance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dogs and Cats in Japan

Kataoka

Irie

Sawada

et al. 2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. For three years investigations from 1996 to 1998, we tried to isolate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from fecal samples collected from dogs and cats. In results, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 1 out of 614 samples (0.16%). This isolate produced Stx1 and Stx2 and was isolated from a dog kept by a human patient infected with E. coli O157:H7. Excluding in this case, dogs and cats as companion animals, therefore, may not give harbor to E. coli O157:H7.KEY WORDS: canines and felines, Escherichia coli O157:H7, surveillance.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72(6): 791-794, 2010 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen causing abdominal cramps, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in human [2]. The mechanisms by which EHEC O157 strains cause disease are not completely understood. Virulence factors contributing to the pathogenesis include the production of either or both of two phage-encoded toxins (Shiga toxin 1 and 2; Stx1 and Stx2) which are thought to cause the vascular endotherial damage observed in patients with hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome [14].Since healthy domestic animals, in particular, ruminants like cattle, sheep and goats, can harbor EHEC O157:H7 and other serogroups EHEC in their feces, they are regarded as natural reservoirs of these organisms [4]. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 can be transmitted to humans through direct or indirect contamination of foods by fecal materials. Undercooked ground beef and raw milk have most often been implicated in food-borne infections [2]. In addition to consumption of contaminated foods, humans can be infected by direct transmission of EHEC O157 from infected animals or by secondary spread from person to person [2,6].Dogs and cats called as companion animals have the most closely relationship with humans, and EHEC strains are rarely reported in companion animals [10,13]. For that reason, a companion animal carrying with EHEC may become a human health threat. The pathogenic role of E. coli in small animals, particularly based on intestinal and urogenital isolations, is involved in a very low proportion of the EHEC strains. In dogs, occasional isolations are reported, from feces coming from both healthy and diarrheic dogs prevalence of the EHEC intestinal strains in dogs and cats, based on the habit of including regular or occasional raw meat in their diet, should not be underestimated. In this paper, we investigated the carrier rate of EHEC O157:H7 in companion animals for three years in Japan.A total of 614 fecal samples were obtained from dogs and cats between 1996 and 1998. The samples were placed in a tube containing 1 ml of glycerol buffer (72 mM NaCl, 18 mM K 2 HPO 4 , 7 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 30% glycerol, pH 7.2) and kept at 4C with frozen ice packs. Samples were sent to the laboratory as soon as possible and tested within 24 to 48 hr. Fecal samples were inoculated EC broth (Eiken Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan) containing 20 g/ml of novobiocin (SIGMA, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) and cultured a...

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“…In the present study, eae and hlyA genes were detected as well as shiga toxin genes (4 stx1 and stx2, 14 only stx2) in 18 of the total 34 E. coli O157 isolates obtained from rectal swab samples. Stx2-producing strains are often more related to HUS than stx1-producing strains 4,6,33 . In this study, the predominant stx type found was stx2, in aggrement with previous studies 2, 28,32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most infections caused by E. coli O157:H7 result from the consumption of food and water contaminated with animal feces 3 . Elderly and pediatric patients are at an increased risk of developing E. coli O157:H7 associated conditions such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC), haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and death 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elazığ’da Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlardan ve Piyasada Satılan Kıymalardan Shiga Toksin Üreten Escherichia coli O157’nin İzolasyonu, Virulens Genleri ve Antibiyotiklere Duyarlılıkları

Kalender¹

2013

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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SummaryShiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) is a foodborne pathogen. Contaminated meat and meat products have an important role in human STEC O157 outbreaks. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of STEC O157 in slaughtered cattle in abattoirs and ground beef sold in Elazığ, and to determine virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of STEC O157 isolates. A total of 540 rectal swab samples were collected immediately after slaughter. In addition, 100 ground beef samples were obtained from the butcher shops. Selective enrichment, immunomagnetic separation and plating on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar with cefixime and tellurite (CT-SMAC Agar) were used for the culture. Presence of genes encoding shiga toxin 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2), H7 flagella (fliCh7), enterohemolysin (hlyA), intimin (eae) and O157 (rfbE) in the isolates was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In the PCR analysis of rectal swab samples., 34 of 82 sorbitol negative isolates were positive for E. coli O157. 22 (64.7%) of E. coli O157 isolates belonged to E. coli O157:H7. STEC O157 was detected in 18 (3.3%) of rectal swab samples. STEC O157:H7 was isolated from 2 (2%) of ground beef samples. All STEC O157 isolates contained hlyA and eae genes. All STEC O157 isolates obtained from both rectal swab and ground beef samples were resistant to four or more antimicrobials. All STEC O157 isolates were resistant to penicillin, clindamycin, tiamulin and tilmicosin. Two STEC isolates were resistance to ampicillin. Six STEC O157 isolates were resistance to chlortetracycline and sulphadimethoxine. One STEC O157 isolate was resistant to enrofloxacin, florfenicol and oxytetracycline. Keywords: E. coli O157, Cattle, Ground beef, Virulence genes, Antibiotic resistance Elazığ'da Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlardan ve Piyasada Satılan Kıymalardan Shiga Toksin Üreten Escherichia coli O157'nin İzolasyonu, Virulens Genleri ve Antibiyotiklere Duyarlılıkları ÖzetShiga toxin üreten Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) gıda kaynaklı enfeksiyonlara yol açan bir patojendir. Kontamine et ve et ürünleri insanlarda salgınların görülmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma Elazığ'da mezbahalarda kesilen sığırlardan ve piyasada satılan kıymalardan STEC O157'nin izolasyonu, izolatların virulens genlerinin ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesimden sonra 540 rektal swap örneği ve kasaplardan 100 kıyma örneği toplanmıştır. Etken izolasyonu için selektif zenginleştirme ve immunomagnetik separasyondan sonra sefiksim ve tellürit suplementi içeren Sorbitol MacConkey Agar kullanıldı. Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu(PCR) ile izolatlarda shiga toxin 1 ve 2 (stx1 and stx2), H7 flagella (fliCh7), enterohemolysin (hlyA), intimin (eae) ve O157 (rfbE) genlerinin varlığı araştırıldı. Rektal sıvap örneklerinin PCR testinde, 82 sorbitol negatif izolatın 34'ü Escherichia coli O157 yönünden pozitif bulundu. Escherichia coli O157 izolatlarının 22'si (%64.7) Escherichia coli O157:H7 olarak tiplendirildi. Rektal swap örn...

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Comparison of Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Food, and Farm and Companion Animals for Presence of Shiga Toxin–Producing E. coli Virulence Markers

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

A 3-Year Epidemiological Surveillance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dogs and Cats in Japan

Elazığ’da Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlardan ve Piyasada Satılan Kıymalardan Shiga Toksin Üreten Escherichia coli O157’nin İzolasyonu, Virulens Genleri ve Antibiyotiklere Duyarlılıkları

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