Comparison of Extraction of Valuable Compounds from Microalgae by Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas and Pulsed Electric Fields

Zocher, Katja; Banaschik, Robert; Schulze, Christian; Schulz, T.; Kredl, Jana; Miron, Camelia; Schmidt, Michael; Mundt, S.; Frey, Wolfgang; Kolb, Juergen F.

doi:10.1615/plasmamed.2017019104

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Because of this mechanism, the attention for applying PEF to improve the extraction of metabolites from microalgae cells increased in the last years. The target molecules contained a large variety of valuables, namely pigments like chlorophyll, lutein or phycocyanin (Grimi et al, 2014;Luengo et al, 2014Luengo et al, , 2015Parniakov et al, 2015;Zocher et al, 2016;Martínez et al, 2017), carbohydrates (Parniakov et al, 2015;Postma et al, 2016;Pataro et al, 2017;Carullo et al, 2018), proteins (Grimi et al, 2014;Aouir et al, 2015;Coustets et al, 2015;Parniakov et al, 2015;Postma et al, 2016;Lam et al, 2017a,b;Nehmé et al, 2017;Pataro et al, 2017), and lipids (Goettel et al, 2013;Zbinden et al, 2013;Silve et al, 2018a,b). All these studies have in common that the work was done at a microliter or milliliter scale and that the achieved results are specific for the used equipment and the respective treatment homogeneity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Modeling and Numerical Simulation as Tools to Scale Microalgae Cell Membrane Permeabilization by Means of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) From Lab to Pilot Plants

Knappert

McHardy

Rauh

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) is a promising technology for the gentle and energy efficient disruption of microalgae cells such as Chlorella vulgaris. The technology is based on the exposure of cells to a high voltage electric field, which causes the permeabilization of the cell membrane. Due to the dependency of the effective treatment conditions on the specific design of the treatment chamber, it is difficult to compare data obtained in different chambers or at different scales, e.g., lab or pilot scale. This problem can be overcome by the help of numerical simulation since it enables the accessibility to the local treatment conditions (electric field strength, temperature, flow field) inside a treatment chamber. To date, no kinetic models for the cell membrane permeabilization of microalgae are available what makes it difficult to decide if and in what extent local treatment conditions have an impact on the permeabilization. Therefore, a kinetic model for the perforation of microalgae cells of the species Chlorella vulgaris was developed in the present work. The model describes the fraction of perforated cells as a function of the electric field strength, the temperature and the treatment time by using data which were obtained in a milliliter scale batchwise treatment chamber. Thereafter, the model was implemented in a CFD simulation of a pilot-scale continuous treatment chamber with colinear electrode arrangement. The numerical results were compared to experimental measurements of cell permeabilization in a similar continuous treatment chamber. The predicted values and the experimental data agree reasonably well what demonstrates the validity of the proposed model. Therefore, it can be applied to any possible treatment chamber geometry and can be used as a tool for scaling cell permeabilization of microalgae by means of PEF from lab to pilot scale. The present work provides the first contribution showing the applicability of kinetic modeling and numerical simulation for designing PEF processes for the purpose of biorefining microalgae biomass. This can help to develop new processes and to reduce the costs for the development of new treatment chamber designs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Modeling and Numerical Simulation as Tools to Scale Microalgae Cell Membrane Permeabilization by Means of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) From Lab to Pilot Plants

Knappert

McHardy

Rauh

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Corona-like discharges that are generated directly in water are currently utilized for the development of a number of applications, e.g. the synthesis of nanoparticles [1], degradation of chemical compounds in water [2], and the extraction of heatsensitive compounds from algae [3]. These technologies benefit from specific properties of discharges in liquids and most of them increase their efficiency by applying high-voltage pulses of a few microseconds or even subnanosecond duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reillumination of submicrosecond pulsed corona-like discharges in water

Rataj

Hoeft

Kolb

2019

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Pronounced reilluminations can be observed for discharges that are generated in water by submicrosecond high-voltage pulses. This phenomenon can appear during the decrease of the applied voltage, depending on the pulse characteristics, especially fall times. The respective processes are expected to be crucial for optical investigations of discharge characteristics and also for applications. Accordingly, the development of individual corona-like discharges in water was investigated in a needle-to-plate geometry for their ignition by single rectangular highvoltage pulses with a duration of 100 ns. The pulse amplitudes of about 50 kV and adjusted pulse fall times of 20, 26, and 43 ns were used. Voltages, currents and light emissions were synchronized with subsequent images of individual discharge events. Two distinct stages, a propagation phase and a reillumination phase, were identified. The individual discharges expanded for all investigated fall times with the same velocity of (29 ± 2) km s −1 . No significant differences of streamer morphologies and electrical characteristics were observed for the propagation phase. As the voltage began to decrease, light emissions first went through a minimum before increasing again. The following maxima were strongly dependent on fall times. Corresponding images showed that discharge channels were reilluminated within 6 ns. However, not all of the previously observed filaments reignited at once for longer fall times and instead single channels reilluminated subsequently. The development of reillumination can be explained from the external electric field in the electrode gap during the streamer propagation, which determines the head charge distributions at the discharge channel ends. This space charges generate an internal electrical field in the filaments resulting in the reillumination during the falling edge of the applied high-voltage pulse.

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“…The most commonly detected modification was the oxidation of methionine, equally distributed to all three extracts (see Figure 5 B). Even though the formation of reactive species by spark discharges is well described [ 30 , 31 ], no enhanced oxidative effect was detected by this extraction method. Methionine is a terminal amino acid of the apoprotein and is prone to oxidation processes [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Accordingly, it could be demonstrated that proteins and pigments, e.g., chlorophylls and carotenoids from Chlorella vulgaris are well extractable with this technique. Moreover, these often heat-sensitive compounds were not affected by the sparks [ 30 , 31 ]. Also, Zhang et al [ 43 ] found that high-voltage electrical discharges, applied as sparks in a needle-to-plate configuration, increased the extraction yields for carbohydrates, proteins, and pigments from Nannochloropsis oculata .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spark discharge treatment of algae suspensions has been shown to be an effective, but gentle tool for the disintegration of microalgae and with regard to pigment and protein extraction [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In general, spark discharges generated in aqueous solution provide ultraviolet radiation and shockwaves besides a variety of chemical reactive species, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen, oxygen, superoxide or hydroxyl radicals [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Phycocyanin Extraction from Cyanidium caldarium by Spark Discharges, Compared to Freeze-Thaw Cycles, Sonication, and Pulsed Electric Fields

et al. 2021

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Phycocyanin is a blue colored pigment, synthesized by several species of cyanobacteria and red algae. Besides the application as a food-colorant, the pigmented protein is of high interest as a pharmaceutically and nutritionally valuable compound. Since cyanobacteria-derived phycocyanin is thermolabile, red algae that are adapted to high temperatures are an interesting source for phycocyanin extraction. Still, the extraction of high quality phycocyanin from red algae is challenging due to the strong and rigid cell wall. Since standard techniques show low yields, alternative methods are needed. Recently, spark discharges have been shown to gently disintegrate microalgae and thereby enable the efficient extraction of susceptible proteins. In this study, the applicability of spark discharges for phycocyanin extraction from the red alga Cyanidium caldarium was investigated. The efficiency of 30 min spark discharges was compared with standard treatment protocols, such as three times repeated freeze-thaw cycles, sonication, and pulsed electric fields. Input energy for all physical methods were kept constant at 11,880 J to ensure comparability. The obtained extracts were evaluated by photometric and fluorescent spectroscopy. Highest extraction yields were achieved with sonication (53 mg/g dry weight (dw)) and disintegration by spark discharges (4 mg/g dw) while neither freeze-thawing nor pulsed electric field disintegration proved effective. The protein analysis via LC-MS of the former two extracts revealed a comparable composition of phycobiliproteins. Despite the lower total concentration of phycocyanin after application of spark discharges, the purity in the raw extract was higher in comparison to the extract attained by sonication.

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Comparison of Extraction of Valuable Compounds from Microalgae by Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas and Pulsed Electric Fields

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Kinetic Modeling and Numerical Simulation as Tools to Scale Microalgae Cell Membrane Permeabilization by Means of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) From Lab to Pilot Plants

Kinetic Modeling and Numerical Simulation as Tools to Scale Microalgae Cell Membrane Permeabilization by Means of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) From Lab to Pilot Plants

Reillumination of submicrosecond pulsed corona-like discharges in water

Assessment of Phycocyanin Extraction from Cyanidium caldarium by Spark Discharges, Compared to Freeze-Thaw Cycles, Sonication, and Pulsed Electric Fields

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