Comparison of Extraction Solvents Towards Anti-Propionibacterium acnes activity of Alphitonia incana (Roxb). Teijsm. & Binn. ex Kurz Leaves

Abstract

Alphitonia incana (Roxb.) Teijsm. & Binn. ex Kurz locally known as Balik Angin in Borneo Island is one of the endemic plants that have the potential to be an alternative antibacterial agent. Balik Angin leaves contain secondary metabolites that have to play a role to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. This study aimed to compare the different extraction solvents which are methanol and ethanol on the maceration of Balik Angin leaves in producing antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Antibacterial assay was carried out by the Well diffusion method. The results showed Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract which is 3.2% has a diameter of clear zone of 9.475±0.311 mm. Meanwhile, the methanolic extract with a similar MIC has a lower diameter of clear zone of 2.55±0.85 mm. The results correlate with the number of secondary metabolites groups that were identified based on phytochemical screening in ethanol extract containing alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and phytosteroid, however, methanol extract not containing alkaloid. The conclusion is ethanol solvent more effective to extract secondary metabolites from Balik Angin leaves compare to methanol solvent, so that can produce more powerful anti-Propionibacterium acnes activity.

Antibacterial effects of tomato ethanol extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis: a laboratory experiment

“…The holes formed in the blood agar medium filled with the exact concentration experienced a more thorough and more homogeneous osmolarity process than using disc diffusion. 33 The limitation of this research was that it was only found for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). It is recommended that future research examines the minimum bactericidal concentration accompanied by a standard curve.…”

Comparison of maceration and infundation towards antioxidant capacity of leaves aqueous extracts of balik angin (Alphitonia incana (Roxb.) Teijsm. & Binn. ex Kurz)

“…A total of 1 mL of extract was put into a test tube, and 1 mL of concentrated HCl reagent, 0.1 g of Mg metal, and 1 mL of amyl alcohol were added, shaken vigorously and allowed to separate. Positive results are indicated by the formation of red, yellow, or orange colours on the amyl alcohol layer (Ramadhan et al, 2023).…”

“…A total of 1 mL of balik angin leaves extract was put into a test tube and added with 2 mL of 1% gelatin solution containing NaCl. A positive result indicating the presence of tannin is characterised by the formation of a white precipitate (Ramadhan et al, 2023).…”

“…A total of 2 mL was added to 5 ml of HCl, then divided into three test tubes. Several reagents are used to precipitate alkaloids: Mayer reagent solution, which produces a white to yellowish precipitate after being added to the first tube; Dragendorff reagent solution in acid solutions which appears an orange-brownish precipitate after being added to the second tube; and Wagner reagent solution which shows a brown precipitate in acidic solutions after its addition to the third test tube suggesting the presence of alkaloids (Ramadhan et al, 2023).…”

“…An ethnobotanical study states that balik angin leaves are used as traditional medicine by the people of Borneo, especially the Dayak tribe. The leaves are used daily as a natural bath soap for skin care and to treat skin diseases (Wardah & Sundari, 2019;Ramadhan et al, 2023).…”