Comparison of extraction techniques and modeling of accelerated solvent extraction for the authentication of natural vanilla flavors

Abstract

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of vanilla beans has been optimized using ethanol as a solvent. A theoretical model is proposed to account for this multistep extraction. This allows the determination, for the first time, of the total amount of analytes initially present in the beans and thus the calculation of recoveries using ASE or any other extraction technique. As a result, ASE and Soxhlet extractions have been determined to be efficient methods, whereas recoveries are modest for maceration techniques and depend on the solvent used. Because industrial extracts are obtained by many different procedures, including maceration in various solvents, authenticating vanilla extracts using quantitative ratios between the amounts of vanilla flavor constituents appears to be unreliable. When authentication techniques based on isotopic ratios are used, ASE is a valid sample preparation technique because it does not induce isotopic fractionation.

Pressurized liquid extraction followed by LC‐ESI/MS for analysis of four chromones in Radix Saposhnikoviae

“…The key step for extracting natural compounds is the selection of suitable extraction solvent [20,21]. Taking into account various polarities of four chromones in Radix Saposhnikoviae, different extraction solvents may lead to different extraction yields.…”

Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction of zeaxanthin from Chlorella ellipsoidea

“…These techniques have some drawbacks, such as the use of large quantities of toxic organic solvents; long extraction times; low selectivity or low extraction yields; and exposure of the extracts to excessive heat, light, and oxygen. As an alternative to traditional extraction methods, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is currently used to extract biologically active constituents (Cicchetti and Chaintreau 2009;Rodriguez-Meizoso et al 2008). PLE uses conventional solvents at elevated temperatures and pressures, and is an efficient, environment-friendly extraction technique.…”

The Modern Art of Identification of Natural Substances in Whole Plants

“…The temperature, however, must be carefully controlled, otherwise there is still a risk of decomposition for thermolabile metabolites. Solvent composition, temperature, applied pressure, and the number of cycles are parameters associated to the optimization of the extraction yields (Cicchetti and Chaintreau 2009). These parameters can easily be optimized, thanks to experimental design.…”