Comparison of Fenestra VC Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Imaging With Gadopentetate Dimeglumine and Ferucarbotran Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the In Vivo Evaluation of Murine Liver Damage After Ischemia and Reperfusion

Choukèr, Alexander; Lizak, Martin J.; Schimel, Daniel; Helmberger, Thomas; Ward, Jerrold M.; Despres, Daryl; Kaufmann, Inès; Bruns, Christiane; Löhe, F.; Ohta, Akio; Sitkovsky, Michael V.; Klaunberg, Brenda A.; Thiel, Manfred

doi:10.1097/rli.0b013e318155aa2e

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Especially in mice, which have a total blood volume in the range of 1200–1500 µl, the injection of larger volumes of a contrast agent can be problematic. Thus, an injection volume of 100 µl is much more preferable over injection volumes between 200 µl and up to 1500 µl, which are usually recommended for iodine-based contrast agents [3], [4], [6], [7], [8], [14], [15], [23], [24], [25] to provide sufficient contrast of the liver. The reduced injection volume is facilitated by the high concentration of the alkaline earth metal, which is possible due to the contrast agents' nanoparticulate formulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, contrast agents providing a positive contrast of the liver have been developed for use in micro-CT in small animals [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]. Since the hitherto used contrast agents have relatively short elimination times on the order of hours and up to a few days, they generally have to be injected time and again prior to each examination [2], [4], [14], [15]. As repeated tail vein injections in mice are time-consuming, a burden for the animal and still include the risk of false injection, a longer-lasting contrast of the liver would be preferable for fast, easy, and repetitive micro-CT studies in small animal models of liver disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro-CT Based Experimental Liver Imaging Using a Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent: A Longitudinal Study in Mice

et al. 2011

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BackgroundMicro-CT imaging of liver disease in mice relies on high soft tissue contrast to detect small lesions like liver metastases. Purpose of this study was to characterize the localization and time course of contrast enhancement of a nanoparticular alkaline earth metal-based contrast agent (VISCOVER ExiTron nano) developed for small animal liver CT imaging.MethodologyExiTron nano 6000 and ExiTron nano 12000, formulated for liver/spleen imaging and angiography, respectively, were intravenously injected in C57BL/6J-mice. The distribution and time course of contrast enhancement were analysed by repeated micro-CT up to 6 months. Finally, mice developing liver metastases after intrasplenic injection of colon carcinoma cells underwent longitudinal micro-CT imaging after a single injection of ExiTron nano.Principal FindingsAfter a single injection of ExiTron nano the contrast of liver and spleen peaked after 4–8 hours, lasted up to several months and was tolerated well by all mice. In addition, strong contrast enhancement of abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes and the adrenal glands was observed. Within the first two hours after injection, particularly ExiTron nano 12000 provided pronounced contrast for imaging of vascular structures. ExiTron nano facilitated detection of liver metastases and provided sufficient contrast for longitudinal observation of tumor development over weeks.ConclusionsThe nanoparticulate contrast agents ExiTron nano 6000 and 12000 provide strong contrast of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and adrenal glands up to weeks, hereby allowing longitudinal monitoring of pathological processes of these organs in small animals, with ExiTron nano 12000 being particularly optimized for angiography due to its very high initial vessel contrast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-CT Based Experimental Liver Imaging Using a Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent: A Longitudinal Study in Mice

et al. 2011

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“…Contrast‐enhanced MRI using gadolinium chelates and superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast media have been proposed by others to assess the liver tissue damage caused by hepatic IRI (34, 35). However, the results using dynamic T 1 ‐weighted MRI with gadolinium chelates have varied among these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo DTI assessment of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental rat model

Cheung

Fan

Chow

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To investigate hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Materials and Methods:Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were scanned at 7 Tesla (T) with DTI using b-value of 1000 s/mm 2 and 6 gradient directions before, 2 h, and 1 day after 30-min total hepatic IRI. Apparent diffusion coefficient or mean diffusivity (MD), directional diffusivities and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured. Seven of the animals were also examined with spin-echo echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with seven b-values up to 2000 s/mm 2 to estimate the true diffusion coefficient (D), blood pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) using a bi-compartmental model. Results: MD 2 h after IRI (0.77 Ϯ 0.07 ϫ 10Ϫ3 mm 2 /s) was significantly lower (P Ͻ 0.01) than that before (1.03 Ϯ 0.07 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mm 2 /s) and 1 day after IRI (1.01 Ϯ 0.05 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mm 2 /s). Meanwhile, FA 2 h after IRI (0.33 Ϯ 0.03) was significantly higher (P Ͻ 0.01) than that before (0.21 Ϯ 0.02) and 1 day after IRI (0.20 Ϯ 0.02). The bi-compartmental model analysis revealed the transient decrease in D, D* and f 2 h after IRI. Liver histology showed the multifocal cell swelling 3 h after IRI and widespread cell necrosis/apoptosis 1 day after IRI. Sinusoidal narrowing and congestion of erythrocytes were also observed 3 h and 1 day after IRI.Conclusion: DTI can characterize hepatic IRI by detecting the transient change in both MD and FA.

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“…9,10 Fenestra-VC is particularly useful for cardiac, tumor, and hepatobiliary imaging. 5,11,12 Because of its rapid uptake by hepatocytes, Fenestra-LC has a very short blood-pool contrast enhancement time; however, it has found applications for spleen and hepatobiliary imaging. 13 Iodine-containing contrast agents are limited by the fact that they cannot be conjugated with biologic markers, which limits their utility for localization of specific targets.…”

Section: Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13,35 In vivo contrast-enhanced (CE) μ CT images of liver with a spatial resolution as high as 44 μ m have been produced and can be used to delineate tumors as small as 300 μ m. 36,37 μ CT imaging can also be used to delineate the hepatic vasculature 38 and investigate the changes following ischemic/reperfusion injury. 12 Iodinated liposomes are particularly useful for splenic μ CT imaging because of the fact that they get degraded in the spleen. Red pulp of the spleen appears more radio-intense than white pulp in CE- μ CT images as a result of concentration of phagocytes in the former.…”

Section: Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole animal imaging

Sandhu

Solorio

Broome

et al. 2010

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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Translational research plays a vital role in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of human diseases, and hence development of new diagnostic and therapeutic options for their management. After creating an animal disease model, pathophysiologic changes and effects of a therapeutic intervention on them are often evaluated on the animals using immunohistologic or imaging techniques. In contrast to the immunohistologic techniques, the imaging techniques are noninvasive and hence can be used to investigate the whole animal, oftentimes in a single exam which provides opportunities to perform longitudinal studies and dynamic imaging of the same subject, and hence minimizes the experimental variability, requirement for the number of animals, and the time to perform a given experiment. Whole animal imaging can be performed by a number of techniques including x-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, and bioluminescence imaging, among others. Individual imaging techniques provide different kinds of information regarding the structure, metabolism, and physiology of the animal. Each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, and none serves every purpose of image acquisition from all regions of an animal. In this review, a broad overview of basic principles, available contrast mechanisms, applications, challenges, and future prospects of many imaging techniques employed for whole animal imaging is provided. Our main goal is to briefly describe the current state of art to researchers and advanced students with a strong background in the field of animal research.

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Comparison of Fenestra VC Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Imaging With Gadopentetate Dimeglumine and Ferucarbotran Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the In Vivo Evaluation of Murine Liver Damage After Ischemia and Reperfusion

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Micro-CT Based Experimental Liver Imaging Using a Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent: A Longitudinal Study in Mice

Micro-CT Based Experimental Liver Imaging Using a Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent: A Longitudinal Study in Mice

In vivo DTI assessment of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental rat model

Whole animal imaging

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